法学院知识库

近年来，随着我国数字经济的快速发展，算法凭借其在数据处理方面的显著

优势被经营者广泛应用于商业领域。算法在商业领域的广泛应用提高了企业的生

产效率，提供了符合消费者需求的产品或服务，促进了市场交易的达成，对经济

发展带来了一系列积极影响。但也蕴藏着较大风险，可能会对市场竞争秩序与消

费者利益造成损害，算法共谋就是经营者滥用算法技术损害市场竞争秩序与消费

者利益的一个典型表现，因此必须要受到反垄断法的规制。算法共谋是指经营者

利用算法技术达成的共谋。根据算法在达成共谋中的不同作用，可将算法共谋分成四大类。由于算法共谋达成过程中经营者对于算法技术的运用，使得算法共谋相较于传统共谋而言更具技术性、稳定性与隐蔽性的特点。由于算法共谋为共谋的一种新型表现形式，故应立足于垄断协议规制理论与包容审慎监管理论对其进行规制。目前我国反垄断相关法律法规对于算法共谋的规制还存在算法共谋的主体难以界定、算法共谋的主观意思联络难以认定、反垄断执法监管算法共谋困难以及算法共谋的主体责任分配困难四方面的困境。本文通过深入分析研究域外算法共谋的反垄断法规制的相关法律规定与典型案例，从中得出对我国算法共谋的反垄断法规制的启示，进而提出了应从明确算法共谋的责任主体范围、适度拓宽主观意思联络的认定标准、健全反垄断执法监管体系以及明确不同类型算法共谋的主体责任分配几方面完善我国算法共谋的反垄断法规制制度。

In the past few years, China's digital economy has experienced a significant growth spurt, algorithms have been widely used by business operators due to their significant advantages in data processing.The widespread application of algorithms in the business field has improved the production efficiency of enterprises, provided products or services that meet consumer needs, promoted market transactions, and brought a series of positive impacts on economic development.But it also carries significant risks, which may cause damage to market competition order and consumer interests. Algorithm collusion is a typical manifestation of operators abusing algorithm technology to harm market competition order and consumer interests, and therefore must be regulated by anti-monopoly laws.Algorithm collusion refers to the collusion achieved by operators using algorithmic technology.According to the different roles of algorithms in achieving collusion, algorithmic collusion can be divided into four categories.Due to the use of algorithmic technology by operators during the process of algorithmic collusion, algorithmic collusion has more technical, stable, and covert characteristics compared to traditional collusion.As algorithmic collusion is a new form of collusion, it should be regulated based on the theories of monopoly agreement regulation and inclusive prudential supervision.Currently, there exist certain challenges in the regulation of algorithmic collusion within China's antitrust laws and regulations. These challenges include the complexity surrounding identifying the parties involved in algorithmic collusion, verifying intentional connections between them, overseeing the implementation of antitrust laws effectively, and assigning accountability for instances of algorithmic collusion.This article conducts in-depth analysis and research on the relevant legal provisions and typical cases of anti-monopoly law regulation on algorithmic collusion outside the domain, and draws inspiration for the anti-monopoly law regulation of algorithmic collusion in China.It suggests the implementation of a regulatory framework for addressing algorithmic collusion within China's anti-monopoly legislation should be improved from several aspects: clarifying the scope of responsibility for algorithmic collusion, moderately expanding the criteria for determining subjective intention connections, improving the anti-monopoly law enforcement and supervision system, and clarifying the allocation of responsibility for different types of algorithmic collusion.