马克思主义学院知识库

摘要

党的十八大以来，习近平总书记将培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人作为重要目标，而高等学校在这一使命中扮演着极其重要的角色。党的十九大报告明确指出中国特色社会主义已经进入新时代，对劳动素养提出了崭新的要求。党的二十大报告强调要办好人民满意的教育，切实做到以人民为中心，全面贯彻党的教育方针，履行立德树人的根本任务。因此，加强劳动者的劳动素质和提升劳动素养对国家民族的长远发展至关重要。本文通过阐述大学生劳动素养的概念、必要性及影响因素、新时代大学生劳动素养的理论基础、新时代大学生劳动素养的实证分析，旨在探讨大学生劳动素养提升路径。

本文共分四个部分，第一部分主要探讨大学生劳动素养的概念内涵、必要性以及影响因素。大学生劳动素养是指大学生在日常生活和学习中所培养和展现出的劳动观念、劳动技能和劳动态度。新时代背景下提升大学生劳动素养是社会主义现代化强国建设的应有之义。影响大学生劳动素养的因素有教育因素、社会因素、家庭因素和个体因素。因此，通过深入分析大学生劳动素养的构成要素、必要性以及影响因素，可以全面探讨新时代大学生的现状与问题。

第二部分旨在探讨新时代大学生劳动素养的理论依据，为提升高校大学生劳动素养研究奠定理论基础，并探寻提升大学生劳动素养的有效途径。马克思恩格斯、列宁等经典作家的劳动理论，中国共产党人对劳动的重要论述，以及中华优秀传统美德对劳动的阐释，构成了大学生劳动素养的理论支柱。

第三部分的重点在于通过实证研究关注当下新时代大学生劳动素养的现状。结合对新时代大学生劳动素养问卷调查结果的详细分析，揭示新时代大学生劳动素养存在的问题，并进行深入的原因探究。具体来说通过对大学生劳动教育课程现状、大学生劳动资源投入现状、大学生劳动教育途径和方式现状以及大学生劳动素养评价机制现状四个方面的分析发现大学生劳动素养培育过程中的问题。比如新时代大学生存在劳动态度不端正、轻视体力劳动、缺乏艰苦奋斗精神、未养成良好的劳动习惯、缺乏实践经验和技能等问题。而劳动教育和培养体系不完善、高校劳动教育内容机制不健全、社会认知观念存在偏差、家庭对劳动教育重视不够以及大学生对劳动认识不足是造成新时代大学生劳动素养不高的原因。因此通过对新时代大学生劳动素养培育过程中的问题进行针对性的有效分析，为新时代大学生劳动素养提升路径的探讨奠定基础。

第四部分主要是根据新时代高校大学生劳动素养现状问题提出提升大学生劳动素养的路径。提升大学生劳动素养政府应该加强对大学生劳动素养的重视和支持，制定相应政策，为高校提供必要的资源和经费支持，倡导高校与企业、社会资源合作，为大学生提供更广泛的劳动实践机会。高校应该加强劳动教育开展，通过开设相关的劳动教育课程，提供各类社会实践活动以及完善劳动素养评价机制等培养学生对劳动的认识和理解，增强学生的实践经验和技能。社会可通过更新劳动观念，开展志愿劳动活动和实习实训等途径，为大学生提供更丰富的劳动锻炼机会，提升其劳动技能。家庭可以通过培养良好的劳动态度，传递正确的劳动价值观来提高大学生劳动的主动性。作为劳动个体的大学生应提高劳动认知，树立终身学习和热爱劳动的理念，主动实践参与社会活动，不断推动劳动素养的提升。大学生的劳动素养提升需要政府、高校、社会、家庭和个体共同努力形成合力，共同致力于提升大学生的劳动素养水平。

Abstract

Since the 18th Party Congress, General Secretary Xi Jinping has made it an important goal to cultivate socialist builders and successors with all-round development of morality, intelligence, physical fitness, aesthetics and labor, and institutions of higher education play an extremely important role in this mission. The report of the 19th CPC National Congress clearly pointed out that socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, which puts forward brand-new requirements for labor literacy. The report of the 20th CPC National Congress emphasized the need to provide education to the satisfaction of the people, to effectively make the people the center, to fully implement the Party's education policy, and to carry out the fundamental task of establishing morality and educating people. Therefore, strengthening the labor quality and improving the labor literacy of workers is crucial to the long-term development of the country and the nation. By elaborating the concept, necessity and influencing factors of college students' labor literacy, the theoretical foundation of college students' labor literacy in the new era, and the empirical analysis of college students' labor literacy in the new era, this paper aims to explore the path of college students' labor literacy enhancement.

This paper is divided into four parts, the first part mainly discusses the conceptual connotation, necessity and influencing factors of college students' labor literacy. College students' labor literacy refers to the labor concepts, labor skills and labor attitudes that college students cultivate and display in their daily life and study. Enhancing college students' labor literacy in the context of the new era is a necessary meaning for the construction of a strong socialist modernized country. Factors affecting college students' labor literacy include educational factors, social factors, family factors and individual factors. Therefore, through in-depth analysis of the components, necessity and influencing factors of college students' labor literacy, the current situation and problems of college students in the new era can be comprehensively explored.

The second part aims to explore the theoretical basis of college students' labor literacy in the new era, to lay a theoretical foundation for the study of enhancing college students' labor literacy, and to explore effective ways to enhance college students' labor literacy. The labor theories of classical writers such as Marx Engels and Lenin, the important expositions on labor by the Chinese Communists, and the interpretation of labor by the excellent traditional Chinese virtues constitute the theoretical pillars of college students' labor literacy.

The focus of the third part is to pay attention to the current situation of college students' labor literacy in the new era through empirical research. Combined with the detailed analysis of the results of the questionnaire survey on the labor literacy of college students in the new era, it reveals the problems of the labor literacy of college students in the new era and carries out an in-depth investigation of the causes. Specifically the problems in the process of cultivating college students' labor literacy are found through the analysis of four aspects: the status quo of college students' labor education curriculum, the status quo of college students' labor resources input, the status quo of college students' labor education methods and approaches, and the status quo of college students' labor literacy evaluation mechanism. For example, in the new era, college students have problems such as improper attitude towards labor, belittling physical labor, lacking the spirit of hard work, not developing good labor habits, and lacking practical experience and skills. The imperfect labor education and cultivation system, the incomplete mechanism of labor education in colleges and universities, the bias of social cognitive concepts, the insufficient attention paid to labor education by families and the insufficient understanding of labor by college students are the reasons for the low labor literacy of college students in the new era. Therefore, by analyzing the problems in the process of cultivating college students' labor literacy in the new era, it lays the foundation for the exploration of the path of improving college students' labor literacy in the new era.

The fourth part is mainly based on the new era of college students' labor literacy status quo problems put forward to improve college students' labor literacy path. Enhancement of college students' labor literacy The government should strengthen the attention and support for college students' labor literacy, formulate corresponding policies, provide necessary resources and financial support for colleges and universities, and advocate the cooperation of colleges and universities with enterprises and social resources, so as to provide college students with a wider range of opportunities for labor practice. Colleges and universities should strengthen the development of labor education, cultivate students' knowledge and understanding of labor and enhance their practical experience and skills by offering relevant labor education courses, providing various types of social practice activities and improving the evaluation mechanism of labor literacy. The society can provide college students with more abundant opportunities to practice labor and improve their labor skills by updating the concept of labor, carrying out voluntary labor activities and internship training. Families can improve college students' labor initiative by cultivating good labor attitudes and transmitting correct labor values. As individual workers, college students should improve their knowledge of labor, establish the concept of lifelong learning and love of labor, take the initiative to practice and participate in social activities, and continuously promote the improvement of labor literacy. The improvement of college students' labor literacy requires the joint efforts of the government, colleges and universities, society, families and individuals to form a synergy and work together to improve the level of college students' labor literacy.