财税与公共管理学院知识库

在深化税收征管改革、推进社会信用体系建设背景下，以“纳税信用评级”为代表的柔性税收征管方式在社会治理中正发挥着越来越重要的作用，党的二十大报告强调，加快实施创新驱动发展战略。企业作为经济社会的主体要素，担负着实现创新突破、提升国家创新领域国际竞争力的重要责任，企业必须加强创新投入，突破核心技术难点攻关，提升创新投入产出效率。本文将纳税信用评级视为解释变量，而企业创新投入则为被解释变量，旨在深入探讨纳税信用评级如何影响企业在创新方面的投入程度。

文章采取理论分析与实证检验相结合的研究方式，从理论角度出发，运用信息不对称理论、声誉理论以及委托代理理论，深入剖析了纳税信用评级对企业创新投入产生影响的内在作用机制，并提出四点假设；实证层面，选取2010至2022年沪深市场上市企业的数据作为研究样本，构建多时点双重查分模型以及中介效应模型，进行回归结果分析、稳健性性检验等，进而逐一验证了研究假设。最后，为了对文章的研究作进一步深入，通过数据分析了不同行业、规模的受影响效用。据此，得出文章主要结论：（1）企业纳税信用评级与创新投入存在正向激励作用；（2）纳税信用评级对企业创新投入的促进作用主要通过三条传导路径：提高商业信用融资水平、提高公司治理水平、提升风险承担水平；（3）相较于制造业，纳税信用评级对企业创新投入的正向促进效果在非制造业中更为显著；（4）相较于中小规模企业，纳税信用评级对企业创新投入的正向促进效果在大规模企业中更为显著。

基于以上研究成果，文章发现当前纳税信用评级在促进企业创新投入方面仍存在一些阻力，为进一步完善社会整体信用体系建设，以激励形式促进企业自觉遵守税收法律法规，加强创新投入，特提出相关政策建议：健全纳税信用法治体系、优化纳税信用评级指标设计、提高纳税信用评级透明度、企业加强自身纳税信用建设、健全企业创新投入信息披露机制。

In the context of deepening tax administration reform and promoting the construction of a social credit system, the flexible tax administration method represented by "tax credit rating" is playing an increasingly important role in social governance, and the report of the Twentieth National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) emphasizes the acceleration of the implementation of the strategy of innovation-driven development. Enterprises, as the main element of the economy and society, bear the important responsibility of realising innovation breakthroughs and enhancing the international competitiveness of the national innovation field, and they must strengthen innovation investment, break through the core technology difficulties, and improve the efficiency of innovation inputs and outputs. In this paper, tax credit rating is regarded as an explanatory variable, while enterprise innovation investment is an explanatory variable, aiming to explore how tax credit rating affects the degree of enterprise investment in innovation.

The article adopts a combination of theoretical analyses and empirical tests. From the theoretical point of view, using the information asymmetry theory, reputation theory and principal-agent theory, it analyses the internal mechanism of tax credit rating's impact on enterprises' innovation input and puts forward four hypotheses; on the empirical level, it selects the data of listed enterprises in Shanghai and Shenzhen markets from 2010 to 2022 as the research samples, and constructs a multi-temporal double-checking model and a multi-temporal double-checking model. Multi-temporal double-checking model and mediation effect model, regression results analysis, robustness test, and so on, and then verify the research hypotheses one by one. Finally, in order to further deepen the research of the article, the affected utility of different industries and sizes is analysed through the data. Accordingly, the main conclusions of the article are drawn: (1) there is a positive incentive effect of enterprise tax credit rating and innovation investment; (2) the promotion effect of tax credit rating on enterprise innovation investment is mainly through three transmission paths: improving the level of commercial credit financing, improving the level of corporate governance, and improving the level of risk taking; (3) compared with the manufacturing industry, the positive promotional effect of tax credit rating on enterprise innovation investment is more significant in the non manufacturing industries; (4) compared with small and medium-sized enterprises, the positive promotion effect of tax credit rating on enterprise innovation input is more significant in large-scale enterprises.

Based on the above research results, the article finds that there is still some resistance to the current tax credit rating in promoting enterprises' innovation input. In order to further improve the overall social credit system construction, promote enterprises to consciously comply with tax laws and regulations and strengthen innovation input in the form of incentives, the article puts forward the relevant policy recommendations: improve the rule of law system of tax credit, optimise the design of tax credit rating indexes, and improve the transparency of tax credit rating, Enterprises should strengthen their own tax credit construction, and improve the information disclosure mechanism of enterprises' innovation input.