作者蔡璇
姓名汉语拼音caixuan
学号2020000004011
培养单位兰州财经大学
电话17709995096
电子邮件632048425@qq.com
入学年份2020-9
学位类别专业硕士
培养级别硕士研究生
一级学科名称税务
学科代码0253
第一导师姓名李永海
第一导师姓名汉语拼音liyonghai
第一导师单位兰州财经大学
第一导师职称副教授
题名税收分权对地方政府治理能力的影响研究
英文题名Research on the Influence of Tax Decentralization on the Governance Ability of Local Government
关键词税收分权 地方政府治理 治理能力测度
外文关键词Tax decentralization ; Local government governance ; Governance capacity measurements
摘要

        十八届三中全会提出了优化税制结构的要求,二十大报告再次重申要优化税制结构, 而优化税制结构的重点在于优化中央与地方税收收入分配结构,即税收收益权的分配。合理、规范地划分税权,不仅是保证国家权力有序运转的基石,而且是调动中央与地方两个积极性,维护央地和谐关系的体制保证。与此同时,政府治理也是我国重大议题之一,十八届三中全会首次提出加快国家治理体系和治理能力的现代化,十九届四中全会全面部署了该发展战略,二十大报告更是指出要全面推进和拓展中国式现代化。在中国经济腾飞过程中,地方政府发挥了举足轻重的作用,尤其是当前,在百年变局的加速演进期,地方政府面临一系列的机遇与挑战,如何提高地方政府治理能力、推进中国式现 代化是一项重大的时代命题。

  本文围绕税收分权对地方政府治理能力的影响展开研究,首先阐述了税收分权与地方政府治理的基本概念;其次阐述了税收分权对地方政府治理的理论基础及影响;再次,对比分析全国30个省份及地区的税收分权度、增值税分权度和企业所得税分权度;最后,基于政治、经济、法治、民生、绿色五大要素,构建了一套地方政府治理能力评价指标体系,测度了我国30个省份2008-2020年的地方政府治理能力水平,实证分析了税收分权对地方政府治理能力的影响,并提出对策建议。

  研究发现:首先,我国税收收入逐年大幅增加,30个省份及地区的税收分权度总体呈上升趋势,从2002年的42.3%增长至2020年的45.0%,分区域来看,各地区总体呈缓慢增长趋势,中部地区与西部地区税收分权度远高于东部地区。其次,从地方政府治理能力指数来看,全国指数连年攀升,但各地区间存在明显差异,其中东部地区远高于其他地区,中西部差距正在逐年缩小。最后,根据实证分析可知,提高税收分权能推动地方政府治理能力的提升,人口密度、产业结构和投资率也具有积极的推动效果,而失业率则是明显的负向作用。为了使结果更加稳健,本文采取税收分权度滞后一期与替换核心解释变量的方式再次进行回归,证明结果稳健,并进一步区分不同税种进行回归发现,虽然增值税分权与企业所得税分权均与地方政府治理能力有显著正相关关系,但企业所得税分权更能激励地方政府治理能力的提升。基于上述研究,提出如下建议:要充分考虑央地事权关系,明晰税权范围;健全地方税体系,保障地方收入;提高税收征管效能,防止税收流失;推动多元主体共治,提升政府治理能力。

英文摘要
     The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee put forward the requirement of optimizing the tax system structure, which was also reiterated in the 20th National Congress Report. The key to optimizing the tax structure is to optimize the tax distribution between the central and local governments, specifically the distribution power of tax revenue. The rational and standardized power of tax revenue not only serves as the cornerstone for ensuring the orderly operation of state power but also acts as the institutional guarantee for mobilizing the enthusiasm of central and local governments and maintaining harmonious relationships between them. Simultaneously, government governance is also one of the major issues in China. The Third Plenary Session of the 18th Central Committee first proposed to advance the modernization of China's system and capacity for governance. The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee comprehensively deployed this development strategy, which was further improved and deepened in the 20th National Congress Report. In the process of China's economic boom, local governments have played a pivotal role. Especially during the current period of accelerating changes unseen in a century, local governments are faced with a series of opportunities and challenges. How to improve the governance capacity of local governments and
promote Chinese modernization is a major proposition of the times.
       This study focused on the impact of tax decentralization on the governance capacity of local governments. Firstly, the basic concepts of tax decentralization and local government governance were defined. Secondly, the theoretical basis for the impact of tax decentralization on local government governance was expounded. Thirdly, the tax decentralization degree, value-added tax decentralization degree, and enterprise income tax decentralization degree of 30 provinces and regions in China were compared and analyzed. Finally, based on the five factors of politics, economy, rule of law, people's livelihood, and green, a set of evaluation index systems was constructed to measure the level of local government governance capacity in 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2020. This study empirically analyzed the impact of tax decentralization on the governance capacity of local governments, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions.
        Several findings in this study need to be noted. First of all, China's tax revenue had increased significantly year by year. The tax decentralization degree of 30 provinces and regions had shown an overall upward trend, increasing from 42.3% in 2002 to 45.0% in 2020. By region, the overall growth trend of all regions was slow. The degree of tax decentralization in the central and western regions was much higher than that in the eastern regions. Second, in terms of the governance capacity of local governments, the national index had been rising year after year, but there were obvious differences between regions, with the eastern region being much higher than other regions and the gap between the central and western regions being narrowed year by year. Finally, according to the empirical analysis, the improvement of tax decentralization could promote the governance capacity of local governments. The population density, industrial structure, and investment rate also had positive promoting effects, while the unemployment rate had a significant negative effect. In order to make the results more robust, the study also conducted regressions by lagging the degree of tax decentralization by one period and replacing the core explanatory variables. Moreover, different tax categories were further distinguished for regressions. We found that both value-added tax decentralization and corporate income tax decentralization had a significant positive correlation with local government governance capacity, however, the latter could motivate the improvement of local government governance capacity more. Based on the above results, this study proposed the following recommendations: fully consider the relationship between central and local authorities, and clarify the scope of tax power; improve the local tax system and ensure local revenue; improve the efficiency of tax collection and administration, and prevent tax loss; promote co-governance by multiple subjects and improve government governance capacity.
学位类型硕士
答辩日期2023-05-27
学位授予地点甘肃省兰州市
语种中文
论文总页数61
参考文献总数62
馆藏号005036
保密级别公开
中图分类号F810.4/24
文献类型学位论文
条目标识符http://ir.lzufe.edu.cn/handle/39EH0E1M/34237
专题财税与公共管理学院
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
蔡璇. 税收分权对地方政府治理能力的影响研究[D]. 甘肃省兰州市. 兰州财经大学,2023.
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