MBA教育中心知识库

  服务普惠金融不仅要解决融资难和融资贵的问题，还要解决风险防范及化解的问题。个人经营贷款作为普惠金融业务的重要组成部分，是服务地方民营经济、金融支持实体经济和促进就业的重要内容。因此，做好个人经营贷款风险管控对保障业务健康发展具有十分重要的意义。

  个人经营贷款借款人为个体工商户和私营企业主，其内部机制不够完整，受内部人员关系变动和外部市场竞争、经济环境等影响因素较大，自身抵抗风险水平偏弱，存在一定的潜在风险，同时贷款资金流向及经营状况主要靠客户经理判断，主观影响因素较多且风险控制难度较大，己经成为各商业银行个人信贷业务的关键点和难点。

  本文以甘肃省农行个人经营贷款为研究对象抽取三项样本数据，一是随机抽取该行2018-2020年发放的3910笔个人经营贷款，通过logistic模型分析客户自身风险影响因素；二是以该行近年发生的567 笔个人经营不良贷款样本，通过收集不良成因分析信贷风险外部影响因素；三是对近年来内部员工在个人经营贷款业务经营管理中出具的428张底稿，分析影响贷款风险的主要内部因素。得出风险识别不足、风险认知偏差、绩效考核不科学、流程落实不到位、客户经理不足、尽职免责不够等多方位的影响因素，增加了甘肃省农行个人经营贷款的信贷管理风险。

  本研究主要运用“信息不对称、全面风险管理、预期收入、大数据风控”等管理理论，以做实贷款风险管理目标，结合本人在甘肃省农行多年的工作经验，对甘肃省农行个人经营贷款风控管理工作提出优化建议，认为完善风险预警和防控体系、夯实业务全流程管理、优化信贷制度、注重员工管理和促进激励约束机制建设，能够帮助甘肃省农行改善个人经营贷款风控管理现状，提高全流程风险控制及盈利能力。

    To serve inclusive finance, we must not only solve the problems of difficult and expensive financing, but also solve the problems of risk prevention and resolution. As an important part of inclusive financial business, personal business loans are an important part of serving the local private economy, financial support for the real economy and promoting employment. Therefore, it is of great significance to do a good job in the risk management and control of personal business loans to ensure the healthy development of the business.

    Individual business loan borrowers are individual industrial and commercial households and private business owners, their internal mechanism is not complete, by internal personnel relations changes and external market competition, economic environment and other influencing factors are larger, their own resistance to risk level is weak, there are certain potential risks, while the flow of loan funds and operating conditions mainly rely on the judgment of the account manager, subjective influencing factors are more, risk control is more difficult, has become the key point and difficulty of the personal credit business of commercial banks.

    This paper takes the personal operation loan of the Agricultural Bank of Gansu Province as the research object to sample three sample data, one is to randomly select 3910 personal operation loans issued by the bank from 2018 to 2020, and analyze the customer's own risk influencing factors through the logistic model; the second is to analyze the external influencing factors of credit risk by collecting the 567 personal operation non-performing loan samples that have occurred in the bank in recent years; and the third is to analyze the external influencing factors of credit risk by collecting the bad causes; and the third is the 428 drafts issued by internal employees in the operation and management of personal operation loan business in recent years , to analyze the main internal factors affecting loan risk. It is concluded that the multi-faceted influencing factors such as insufficient risk identification, risk perception deviation, unscientific performance appraisal, inadequate process implementation, insufficient account manager, more management loans, and insufficient due diligence and exemption from liability have increased the credit management risk of personal business loans of The Agricultural Bank of Gansu Province.

    This study mainly uses management theories such as "information asymmetry, comprehensive risk management, expected income, big data risk control" to achieve loan risk management goals, combined with my many years of work experience in the Agricultural Bank of Gansu Province, put forward optimization suggestions for the risk control management of personal business loans of the Agricultural Bank of Gansu Province, and believes that improving the risk early warning and prevention and control system, consolidating the whole process management of the business, optimizing the credit system, paying attention to employee management and promoting the construction of incentive and constraint mechanisms can help the Agricultural Bank of Gansu Province improve the current situation of risk control management of personal business loans to improve the risk control and profitability of the whole process.