金融学院知识库

传统的农业保险具有一定局限性，不能切实保障农户的收入；同时农业是弱质性产业，当灾害发生时会导致保险公司赔付率过高。因此，须在传统农业保险的基础上加以创新。为了满足各方需求，农产品“保险＋期货”模式应运而生。2016年中央一号文件首次提到进行“保险＋期货”模式试点，其后的连续六年间均提到进一步扩大该模式试点。在这一模式中农户将其自身的风险分散给保险公司，保险公司购买看跌期权分散自身风险，期货公司又将自身的风险分散到期货市场中，这样便做到了多方共赢。近年来，农产品“保险＋期货”模式在扩大试点过程中不断前进，在摸索中不断创新，在精准扶贫、实现全面小康、乡村振兴战略中均发挥了至关重要的作用，实现了金融服务“三农”的巨大创新。

本文在研究方法上主要使用了案例研究法和对比分析法，选取“保险＋期货”模式发展过程中的三个典型案例，三个案例分别为“保险＋期货”、“保险＋期货＋基差收购”、“收入保险＋期货＋基差收购”模式，较为清晰展示出该模式从保价格到保价格和基差收购到保收入的发展过程。同时以历史数据和运作情况为基础，分析各试点案例的成效及发展前景等。随后在三个案例成功经验的基础上，分析并总结国外成熟的农业保险体系对我国“保险＋期货”的启示。

基于以上的分析与研究，总结出三条“保险＋期货”的发展路径，并提出具有普适性的最优路径。同时，在保费分摊、人才培训、金融服务及监管等方面提出相应建议与保障措施，以促进“保险＋期货”模式在其他地域的农产品上进行成功试点，让农户的收入和生产积极性得到充分保障，不断推进乡村振兴。

Traditional agricultural insurance has certain limitations， which can not effectively protect the income of farmers; At the same time, agriculture is a weak industry, which will lead to too high compensation rate of insurance companies when disasters occur. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate on the basis of traditional agricultural insurance. In order to meet the needs of all parties, the "insurance + futures" model of agricultural products came into being. In 2016, the No. 1 central document first mentioned the pilot scheme of "insurance + futures", and the six consecutive years mentioned the pilot scheme for further expansion of the model. In the first mock exam, the farmers will disperse their own risks to the insurance companies, and insurance companies purchase put options to disperse their own risks. Futures Company will spread its risk to the futures market, so that it will win a win-win situation. In recent years, the "insurance + futures" model of agricultural products has made continuous progress in the process of expanding the pilot, made continuous innovation in exploration, played a vital role in the strategy of targeted poverty alleviation, achieving an all-round well-off society and rural revitalization, and achieved great innovation .

In terms of research methods, this paper mainly uses the case study method and comparative analysis method, and selects three typical cases in the development process of "insurance + futures" model. The three cases are "insurance + futures", "insurance + futures + basis acquisition" and "income insurance + futures + basis acquisition", which clearly shows the development process of this model from guaranteed price to guaranteed price and basis acquisition to guaranteed income. At the same time, based on historical data and operation, analyze the effectiveness and development prospects of each pilot case. Then, based on the successful experience of three cases, this paper analyzes and summarizes the Enlightenment of foreign mature agricultural insurance system to China's "insurance + futures".

Based on the above analysis and research, this paper summarizes three development paths of "insurance + futures", and puts forward the optimal path with universality. At the same time, it puts forward corresponding suggestions and safeguard measures in terms of premium allocation, supervision and so on. To promote the successful pilot of the "insurance + futures" model on agricultural products in other regions, so as to fully guarantee the income and production enthusiasm of farmers and continuously promote the revitalization of rural areas.