经济学院知识库

  随着经济全球化一体化发展，各个国家都逐渐意识到经济发展质量对于国家取得长足进步和发展的重要意义，我国也不例外。伴随着改革开放的春风，四十多年的经济高速发展让我国获得经济总量这块大蛋糕的同时也造成了生态恶化、环境质量下降、产业结构不合理以及城乡发展差距拉大等社会环境问题，因此，经济的高质量发展问题越发得到重视，为了满足人民日益增长的美好生活的需要，经济高质量发展成为当前我国重要的国家战略。而黄河是我国的第二大河以及母亲河，黄河流域承载着我国九省区的人口，占据着重要的经济地位和生态地位。习近平总书记在主持召开黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展座谈会时将黄河流域的高质量发展视为重大国家战略。本文通过构建黄河流域经济高质量发展指标体系，对黄河流域九个省区的经济高质量发展水平进行测度，力求对黄河流域经济高质量发展进行全面客观的分析与评价，找到黄河流域经济高质量发展的受限短板，针对研究所得结果对黄河流域经济高质量发展提出相关政策建议，以期对促进黄河流域经济高质量发展起到积极的借鉴作用。

  本文通过学习研究与经济高质量发展相关的概念和经济理论，并在五大发展理念指导下选取了“创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享”五大一级指标，在此基础上选取了25个基础指标，构建了包含经济、生态、社会等较为全面客观的经济高质量发展评价指标体系，同时搜集并整理计算了黄河流域所包含的九省区2005—2019年的指标数据，运用熵值法计算出指标权重和指标得分。一方面从时序上分析黄河流域各省区经济高质量发展总水平及各维度的发展变化情况；另一方面，运用地理空间方法从空间上反映黄河流域内部发展差距及变化情况。

  基于上述研究得出结论：从一级指标来看，指标得分值基本分布在 0.14～0.24之间，其中经济发展创新性和协调性得分最高，意味着黄河流域经济高质量发展关键要着力提高区域的创新能力，同时加强内部区域之间的经济交流互通以达到区域协调性发展；从各省区经济高质量发展综合评价得分来看，不同省区较为波动但总趋势都呈一个上升状态，其中山东省一直保持着领先优势，陕西省和四川省的质量提升最为明显，青海省、甘肃省以及山西省的质量提升速度最为缓慢，发展潜力不足，九省区在不同纬度下的表现则差异较大，波动较为剧烈；从黄河流域内部空间地理区域差距上来看，东部省区总体发展质量最高、中部省区居中、西部省区发展质量最低，发展的不均衡问题显著，并且上游省区内部发展差距整体高于中下游省区内部发展差距，黄河流域大部分省区处于中高度和中低度经济发展质量水平，高度经济发展质量省区只有一个。因此，黄河流域经济高质量发展还有较大的提升空间，重点方向是解决该区域各省区协同协作共同发展问题，以增强黄河流域整体竞争力。

  With the integrated development of economic globalization, all countries have gradually realized the importance of the quality of economic development to the country's significant progress and development, and my country is no exception. With the spring breeze of reform and opening up, the rapid economic development of more than 40 years has allowed my country to obtain the big pie of economic aggregates, but also caused ecological deterioration, environmental quality decline, irrational industrial structure, and widening urban-rural development gap. Therefore, the issue of high-quality economic development is getting more and more attention. In order to meet the people's growing needs for a better life, high-quality economic development has become an important national strategy of our country. The Yellow River is my country’s second largest river and its mother river. The Yellow River Basin carries the population of nine provinces and regions in my country and occupies an important economic and ecological status. General Secretary Xi Jinping regarded the high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin as a major national strategy when presiding over the symposium on ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin. By constructing a high-quality economic development index system for the Yellow River Basin, this paper measures the economic development quality of the nine provinces in the Yellow River Basin, and strives to conduct a comprehensive and objective analysis and evaluation of the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin, and find out the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin. Restricted shortcomings, based on the results of the research, put forward relevant policy recommendations for the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin, in order to play a positive role in promoting the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin.

  Through studying and researching concepts and economic theories related to high-quality economic development, and under the guidance of the five development concepts, this paper selects the five first-level indicators of "innovation, coordination, green, openness, and sharing", and selects 25 foundations on this basis. Indicators, a comprehensive and objective evaluation indicator system for high-quality economic development including economy, ecology, and society has been constructed. At the same time, the indicator data of the nine provinces included in the Yellow River Basin from 2005 to 2019 has been collected and calculated, and calculated using the entropy method. Calculate the index weight and index score. On the one hand, it analyzes the total level of high-quality economic development of the provinces and regions of the Yellow River Basin and the development changes in various dimensions from the time series; on the other hand, it uses the geospatial method to spatially reflect the development gap and changes within the Yellow River Basin.

  Based on the above research, it is concluded that from the first-level indicators, the indicator scores are basically distributed between 0.14 and 0.24, among which the economic development innovation and coordination score is the highest, which means that the key to the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin is to focus on improving Regional innovation capabilities, while strengthening the economic exchanges between internal regions to achieve regional coordinated development; from the comprehensive evaluation scores of the high-quality economic development of various provinces and regions, different provinces and regions are relatively fluctuating but the general trend is in an upward state. Shandong Province has always maintained a leading edge. Shaanxi Province and Sichuan Province have achieved the most obvious improvement in quality. Qinghai Province, Gansu Province and Shanxi Province have achieved the slowest rate of quality improvement and lack development potential. The performance of the nine provinces at different latitudes is quite different From the perspective of the spatial and geographic gaps within the Yellow River Basin, the overall development quality of the eastern provinces is the highest, the central provinces are in the middle, and the western provinces have the lowest development quality. The problem of development imbalance is significant, and the internal development of the upstream provinces The overall gap is higher than the development gap within the middle and lower reaches of the provinces. Most of the provinces in the Yellow River Basin are at a medium-high and medium-low level of economic development quality, and there is only one province with high economic development quality. Therefore, the high-quality economic development of the Yellow River Basin still has a lot of room for improvement. The key direction is to solve the problem of coordinated development of all provinces in the region, so as to enhance the overall competitiveness of the Yellow River Basin.