马克思主义学院知识库

      爱国主义教育一直以来都是我国思想政治教育的重点，中国特色社会主义进入新时代以来，爱国主义教育的内容随着时代的要求发生了变化，除了强调民众要具有爱国热情和爱国意识之外，更多的希望民众在表达爱国情感的时候注重理性。2019 年 10 月 31日中共中央、国务院印发《新时代爱国主义教育实施纲要》，要求民众以理性平和的心态爱国在纲要中首次提出，表明新时代社会背景下，爱国主义教育不再一味的强调热情的情感爱国，而是更注重理性且热情的爱国。

      近年来国内受到民族主义和民粹主义的影响，其弊端所带来的影响在一定程度上对我国的国家利益、社会利益等方面造成了损害。受到狭隘民族主义和网络民粹主义的影响，非理性爱国事件在我国发生的频率不断增加，如 2019 年香港反修例风波，香港民众在香港打砸抢烧、杀伤警察、侮辱国徽国旗等，在国内引起了强烈的社会讨论和反映，造成国家民众利益损害、民众人生安全损害以及社会治安损害等后果和不良影响。面对不理性的爱国，我们必须加强新时代爱国主义教育，并且从开展理性教育、构建理性思维培育体系、引导理性爱国和建立理性爱国主义教育保障机制四个方面入手，使民众无论是心理上还是行为上都受到理性的制约，从而减少非理性事件的发生。

     文章首先对爱国主义教育研究进行了总体性概述，对新时代爱国主义的概念进行厘清。其次，阐述了新时代下造成爱国主义表达中非理性问题的主要原因——狭隘民族主义和民粹主义，并列举案例进行分析。再次，通过典型理性爱国的案例强调新时代理性爱国的必要性。最后，对如何构建新时代爱国主义教育实施路径ᨀ出建议措施，主要从如何提升爱国主义教育的理性思考、培育理性思维、引导理性行为以及建立长效机制等方面进行了探索。

Patriotism education has always been the focus of the construction of spiritual civilization in my country. Since the socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, the content of patriotism education has changed with the requirements of the times. In addition to emphasizing that the people should have patriotic passion and awareness, More hope that people will pay more attention to rationality when expressing patriotic feelings. On October 31, 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued the "Outline for the Implementation of Patriotism Education in the New Era", requiring the people to adopt a rational and peaceful attitude and patriotism. It was first proposed in the outline, indicating that under the social background of the new era, patriotism education no longer blindly emphasizes Passionate emotional patriotism, but more rational and passionate patriotism.

In recent years, the country has been affected by nationalism and populism, and the impact of its malpractices has caused damage to my country's national and social interests to a certain extent. Affected by narrow nationalism and online populism, the frequency of irrational patriotic incidents in my country has been increasing. For example, the Hong Kong anti-amendment turmoil in 2019, Hong Kong people smashed, looted, killed police officers, and insulted the national emblem and flag. Our country has aroused strong social discussions and reflections, causing consequences and adverse effects such as damage to the interests of the national people, damage to people's life safety, and damage to social security.

In the face of irrational patriotism, we must strengthen the education of patriotism in the new era, and start with four aspects: carrying out rational education, building a rational thinking cultivation system, guiding rational patriotism, and establishing a rational patriotism education guarantee mechanism, so as to make the people psychologically Or behavior is restricted by rationality, thereby reducing the occurrence of irrational incidents.

The article first gives a general overview of the research on patriotism education and clarifies the concept of patriotism in the new era. Secondly, it expounds the main reasons for the irrational problems in the expression of patriotism in the new era—narrow nationalism and populism, and lists cases for analysis. Thirdly, through typical rational patriotic cases, it emphasizes the necessity of acting as a sex country in the new era. Finally, it puts forward suggestions and measures on how to construct the implementation path of patriotism education in the new era, which mainly explores how to improve the rational thinking of patriotism education, cultivate rational thinking, guide rational behavior, and establish a long-term mechanism.