会计学院知识库

  钢铁行业作为我国经济体制发展框架中的基础产业，当前正处于深度调整期，企业近年来也一直面临着供需矛盾加大，资产负债率居高不下、成本压力大、产品同质化严重等老大难问题，导致钢铁企业的财务状况愈发不容乐观。如何应对逐渐增大的财务风险，在激烈的市场竞争中通过加强财务竞争力获取竞争优势，成为了我国钢铁企业目前迫切需要解决的重大问题。

  本文以现有有关财务竞争力的研究文献为基础，整理出财务竞争力的具体内涵，介绍了财务竞争力评价所用到的理论基础，以河钢股份为案例研究对象，简单介绍了其生产经营和财务状况，然后结合行业特点设计指标评价体系，由于不可能穷尽所有已知或未知的因素，评价中所利用的财务信息是不完备的，所以信息具有典型的灰色性，因此，借助灰色关联分析法和权重变异系数法构建多层级评价模型，得出河钢股份每个指标与行业最优值的灰色关联强度及财务综合能力的排名，结合分析结果，找出河钢股份财务竞争力存在成本费用控制水平不高、营业收入下滑、财务风险较高等问题，进而提出推进成本精细化管理、创新销售渠道、优化资产负债结构等建议。

    As a fundamental industry within the framework of China's economic system development, the steel industry is currently undergoing deep adjustments. In recent years, enterprises have been facing increasing contradictions between supply and demand, persistently high asset-liability ratios, significant cost pressures, and severe product homogeneity, leading to an increasingly pessimistic financial situation for steel companies. How to cope with the growing financial risks and gain a competitive advantage through strengthening financial competitiveness in the fierce market competition has become a major issue that needs urgent resolution for China's steel enterprises. This article is based on existing research literature related to financial competitiveness, organizes the specific connotations of financial competitiveness, and introduces the theoretical foundations used for evaluating financial competitiveness. Taking Hebei Steel as a case study, it briefly introduces its production operations and financial status, then designs an evaluation index system in conjunction with industry characteristics. Since it is impossible to exhaustively consider all known or unknown factors, the financial information utilized in the evaluation is incomplete; thus, the information exhibits a typical grayness. Therefore, using gray correlation analysis and the coefficient of variation for weights, a multi-level evaluation model is constructed to derive the gray correlation strength of each index of Hebei Steel with the industry's optimal value and the ranking of financial comprehensive ability. Based on the analysis results, several problems are identified in Hebei Steel's financial competitiveness, such as low levels of control over cost expenses, declining operating income, and high financial risks. Consequently, suggestions are proposed to promote refined cost management, innovate sales channels, and optimize the asset-liability structure.