统计与数据科学学院知识库

  营商环境已经成为全球经济一体化进程中影响国家和地区竞争力的关键因素。在推动经济高质量发展的进程中，构建创新型营商环境已成为一项刻不容缓的战略任务和关键突破口。创新型营商环境不仅为企业创新发展提供了肥沃的土壤，还是吸引和培育创新资源、提升国家创新能力的重要保障。因此，构建一个有利于创新、能够激发企业创新活力和竞争力的营商环境，对于促进经济转型升级和实现可持续发展具有不可替代的战略意义。

  本文梳理了创新型营商环境的概念、测度以及营商环境创新优化的相关文献，采用多维度评价与时空分析方法，系统考察了创新型营商环境的发展态势。首先，整合市场环境、政务环境、开放环境和基础设施环境四大核心维度，构建综合评价指标体系，并运用熵值法对2014—2023年全国31个省级行政区的创新型营商环境发展水平进行量化。其次，从时间和空间双重视角展开深入分析：通过核密度估计揭示了创新型营商环境的发展动态，并借助Markov链方法刻画了其演进规律与转移路径；而空间集聚特征和区域差异格局则通过莫兰指数和Dagum基尼系数得到系统解析。最后，利用障碍度模型识别出影响创新型营商环境发展的主要因素，为我国优化创新型营商环境提供理论依据和实践指导。

  研究发现，全国范围内创新型营商环境发展水平持续提升，其中东部地区水平较高，各省份表现出显著的稳定性；在空间分布上，创新型营商环境发展水平相近的省份呈现出集中化趋势，区域间的差异是导致整体区域差异的主要因素。在创新型营商环境的四大构成要素中，市场环境、政务环境、基础设施环境的水平持续提升，而开放环境的水平呈现下降趋势；开放环境已成为制约创新型营商环境提质升级的关键瓶颈；交通便利程度、国外技术引进合同金额、技术市场活力、外商投资企业比重和知识产权保护力度是制约创新型营商环境发展的主要因素。基于研究结论，提出以下建议：（1）促进区域均衡发展；（2）加大开放力度，改善开放环境；（3）提升市场环境和政务环境水平；（4）聚焦关键领域改革。

          The business environment has become a key factor affecting the competitiveness of countries and regions in the process of global economic integration. In the process of promoting high-quality economic development, building an innovative business environment has become an urgent strategic task and key breakthrough point. The innovative business environment not only provides fertile soil for the innovative development of enterprises, but also serves as an important guarantee for attracting and cultivating innovative resources and enhancing national innovation capabilities. Therefore, building a business environment that is conducive to innovation and can stimulate the innovation vitality and competitiveness of enterprises has irreplaceable strategic significance for promoting economic transformation and upgrading and achieving sustainable development.
         This article reviews the concept, measurement, and relevant literature on innovative business environment optimization. Using multidimensional evaluation and spatiotemporal analysis methods, it systematically examines the development trend of innovative business environment. Firstly, integrating the four core dimensions of market environment, government environment, open environment, and infrastructure environment, a comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed, and the entropy method is used to quantify the development level of innovative business environment in 31 provincial-level administrative regions in China from 2014 to 2023. Secondly, an in-depth analysis is conducted from the dual perspectives of time and space: the development dynamics of the innovative business environment are revealed through kernel density estimation, and its evolution laws and transfer paths are characterized using Markov chain methods; The spatial agglomeration characteristics and regional differences patterns are systematically analyzed through Moran's index and Dagum Gini coefficient. Finally, the obstacle level model is used to identify the main factors affecting the development of an innovative business environment, providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing the innovative business environment in China.
         Research has found that the development level of innovative business environment continues to improve nationwide, with higher levels in the eastern region and significant stability in various provinces; In terms of spatial distribution, provinces with similar levels of innovative business environment development show a concentration trend, and regional differences are the main factor leading to overall regional disparities. Among the four major components of an innovative business environment, the levels of market environment, government environment, and infrastructure environment continue to improve, while the level of an open environment shows a downward trend; The open environment has become a key bottleneck restricting the improvement and upgrading of the innovative business environment; The convenience of transportation, the amount of foreign technology introduction contracts, the vitality of the technology market, the proportion of foreign-invested enterprises, and the level of intellectual property protection are the main factors that constrain the development of an innovative business environment. Based on the research findings, the following suggestions are proposed: (1) promote regional balanced development; (2) Intensify openness and improve the open environment; (3) Improve the level of market environment and government environment; (4) Focus on key areas of reform.