金融学院知识库

  金融科技作为金融和新技术相结合的一种新兴业态给整个金融业都带来了巨大的冲击，商业银行作为现代金融产业中最重要的组成部分同样也面对着机遇和挑战。一方面，非银行类金融科技公司凭借各类新兴技术以低成本、便利化、高效率、多样化的金融产品和服务吸引了大量的客户，挤占了商业银行的市场份额，缩小了商业银行的盈利空间。另一方面，商业银行也在金融科技的冲击下主动寻求新的发展机遇，积极运用新兴技术手段革新传统业务模式，将银行业的数字化转型推上了新高度。因此，本文从商业银行层面研究金融科技的发展对银行经营绩效产生何种影响具有重要意义。

  本文通过梳理国内外相关研究，以竞合关系为基础，深入探讨了金融科技对商业银行经营绩效的技术溢出与竞争效应，同时从银行的三大业务层面剖析了金融科技对商业银行绩效的作用机制，并进一步研究了金融科技对不同规模银行影响的差异。基于此，本文将我国42家商业银行做为研究样本，利用Python爬虫技术从百度搜索指数上爬取银行层面金融科技关键词，采用熵值法构金融科技指数作为本文的自变量，将总资产报酬率作为因变量，使用固定效应模型和中介效应模型对自变量和因变量之间的影响关系展开研究。结果表明金融科技对商业银行的经营绩效具有提升作用，但这种作用是非线性的，两者呈现“倒U形”的影响关系，同时银行的三大业务在金融科技影响经营绩效的过程中起到部分中介作用，进一步的分组检验也证明金融科技的发展对商业银行的经营绩效存在规模异质性，对大中型银行的影响是正向的，对小型银行的影响是负向的。最后本文根据实证结果对商业银行实现数字化转型与可持续发展提出了几点建议。

Fintech, as an emerging industry that combines finance and new technologies, has brought tremendous impact to the entire financial industry. Commercial banks, as the most important component of the modern financial industry, are also facing opportunities and challenges. On the one hand, non bank fintech companies have attracted a large number of customers with low-cost, convenient, efficient, and diversified financial products and services through various emerging technologies, squeezing the market share of commercial banks and reducing their profit margins. On the other hand, commercial banks are also actively seeking new development opportunities under the impact of financial technology, actively using emerging technological means to innovate traditional business models, and pushing the digital transformation of the banking industry to a new height. Thus, this paper explores the impact of financial technology development on the operational performance of commercial banks, which holds considerable importance.

This article reviews relevant research at home and abroad, based on the competitive relationship, and deeply explores the technological spillover and competitive effects of financial technology on the operational performance of commercial banks. At the same time, it analyzes the mechanism of financial technology on the performance of commercial banks from the three major business levels of banks, and further studies the differences in the impact of financial technology on banks of different sizes. Based on this, this article takes 42 commercial banks in China as research samples, uses Python crawler technology to crawl bank level fintech keywords from Baidu search index, uses entropy method to construct fintech index as the independent variable of this article, the study employs the return on total assets as the dependent variable, utilizing fixed effects and mediation effect models to examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.The findings reveal that financial technology positively influences the operational performance of commercial banks, though this impact is non-linear, exhibiting an inverted U-shaped pattern. Additionally, the three core banking businesses partially mediate the effect of financial technology on operational performance. Further subgroup analysis demonstrates that the influence of financial technology development varies by bank size, benefiting large and medium-sized banks while adversely affecting smaller banks. Finally, based on empirical results, this article proposes several suggestions for commercial banks to achieve digital transformation and sustainable development.