MBA教育中心知识库

摘  要

作为农村金融体系的核心支柱，农村商业银行在服务于"三农"领域及扶持本土小微企业发展方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。它们通过增加信贷供给，为经济结构的优化调整、乡村振兴战略的推进注入了必要的资金活力。然而，在经济下行压力加剧与市场环境复杂化的双重背景下，传统银行业务遭遇了严峻的挑战，致使农村商业银行的信贷风险显著上升。不良贷款比例持续增加，信贷业务领域内风险事件频发，信贷风险管理工作正经历着前所未有的严峻考验。这一状况不仅阻碍了农村商业银行的经营，也对其长期的可持续发展构成了潜在的危机。

本研究选取Q农商行为案例，基于信贷配给、信息不对称、内部控制和全面风险管理等理论，深入分析了农商行信贷风险管理的现实状况。通过对Q农商行信贷审批、风险管理、资产保全等部门发放159份调查问卷，并在问卷调查的基础上对16名银行高管、基层信贷人员和外部专家开展访谈调研，从而全面了解了信贷资产结构、业务开展及风险管理的信息化水平，并识别出Q农商行当前风险识别中的尽职调查不足、风险控制中审查与检查不严、信贷风险数字化监测能力不足、信贷风险处置效果不佳等四大方面问题。结合问卷调查数据以及访谈内容研究发现，这些问题成因主要包括风险识别所需人力资源有限且缺乏培训、风险控制中内部管理缺失、科技赋能风险监测效果差以及风险处置手段存在局限等，这些发现为进一步提出切实可行的信贷风险管理优化策略提供了依据。

基于Q农村商业银行的实际情况，本文结合当前优秀的银行信贷风险管理案例，针对性的提出改进Q农村商业银行信贷风险管理优化策略。在提升风险识别能力方面，从加强信贷人员培训、风险识别评估两个角度入手，强化银行员工对风险判断识别的准确性。在完善风险控制管理体系方面，着重提高信贷风险审查流程、流程规范检查、调整风险控制策略等，建立起全流程穿透式的管理体系。在提升风险监测信息化水平方面，重点从风险监测数字化、建立大数据信息分析平台两个维度入手，从而有效提升风险监测的智能化水平。在完善风险处置管理架构方面，创新风险处置手段、优化风险处置考核制度，从而提升组织管理效率。

Abstract

As the core pillar of the rural financial system, rural commercial banks play a pivotal role in serving the fields related to agriculture, rural areas and farmers and in supporting the development of local small and micro enterprises. They have injected necessary financial vitality into the optimization and adjustment of the economic structure and the promotion of the rural revitalization strategy by increasing the supply of credit. However, under the dual background of intensified downward pressure on the economy and the complication of the market environment, traditional banking businesses have encountered severe challenges, resulting in a significant increase in the credit risks of rural commercial banks. The proportion of non-performing loans has continued to rise, risk events have occurred frequently in the credit business field, and the credit risk management work is undergoing an unprecedented severe test. This situation not only hinders the operation of rural commercial banks but also poses a potential crisis to their long-term sustainable development.

This research selects Rural Commercial Bank Q as a case and conducts an in-depth analysis of the actual situation of credit risk management in rural commercial banks based on theories such as credit rationing, information asymmetry, internal control and comprehensive risk management. By distributing 159 questionnaires to departments such as credit approval, risk management and asset preservation in Rural Commercial Bank Q and conducting interview surveys on 16 bank executives, grass-roots credit personnel and external experts on the basis of the questionnaires, it has comprehensively understood the informationization level of the credit asset structure, business development and risk management, and identified four major problems in the current risk identification of Rural Commercial Bank Q, namely insufficient due diligence in investigation, lax review and inspection in risk control, insufficient digital monitoring ability for credit risks and poor effect in dealing with credit risks. Combining the questionnaire survey data and interview contents, the research finds that the causes of these problems mainly include limited human resources required for risk identification and lack of training, lack of internal management in risk control, poor effect of science and technology empowering risk monitoring and limitations in risk disposal means. The discovery of these reasons provides a basis for further putting forward practical optimization strategies.

Based on the actual situation of Rural Commercial Bank Q and combined with current excellent bank credit risk management cases, this paper puts forward targeted improvement and optimization strategies. In terms of enhancing the risk identification ability, starting from the two aspects of strengthening the training of credit personnel and risk identification and evaluation, the accuracy of bank employees' judgment and identification of risks will be strengthened. In terms of improving the risk control management system, emphasis will be placed on improving the credit risk review process, process specification inspection and adjusting risk control strategies to establish a through-process management system. In terms of enhancing the informationization level of risk monitoring, the focus will be on the two dimensions of digitalizing risk monitoring and establishing a big data information analysis platform, so as to effectively improve the intelligent level of risk monitoring. In terms of improving the risk disposal management framework, innovate risk disposal means and optimize the risk disposal assessment system, so as to improve the organizational management efficiency.