经济学院知识库

       改革开放以来，我国经济不仅实现了总量上的提升而且也改变了经济空间结构，城市群正在成为带领中国经济崛起的新型空间单元。然而，城市群内中心城市和大城市集中了大量生产资源，导致城市群小城市或者边缘城市资源匮乏，进而无法有效满足本地区居民物质生活和经济生产活动的基本需求，城市群内部各个城市之间协调度错位，经济运转缓慢甚至停滞。为此，我国政府通过研究决定将政策的着力点放在深化要素市场化配置改革上，虽然其在改善城市群协调化水平提升，促进城市群一体化水平改善取得了一定成效，但其供需匹配难、生产效率受限等一系列瓶颈问题终究难以解决。以亚当·斯密、杨小凯等人提出的分工理论演化而成的功能分工理论成为突破这一发展瓶颈的关键节点，成为市场容量相对饱和状态下城市群协调发展的重要源动力和增长点。当今，国外反贸易主义抬头，国内经济发展遇到一系列困难与挑战，因此探讨如何通过加快以劳动力为主要的生产要素的流动促进城市群内部分工，通过产业链整合与发展，形成统一经济发展体，进而改善城市群内部经济协调问题具备研究价值。
       本文在加快构建以国内大循环为主体，国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局背景下，基于劳动力流动、分工理论与区域协调理论等相关理论，根据统计数据掌握我国长三角城市群城市经济、社会、创新、生态四个子系统的协调发展水平、劳动力流动情况与功能分工指数情况，明确劳动力流动影响城市群协调发展水平的理论机制并提出假设。然后对提出的理论假设进行实证检验，以2012-2022年长三角城市群26座城市面板数据为研究对象，考察了劳动力流动在改善城市群协调发展问题中产生的影响，以及功能分工的中介效应。随后进行异质性分析，根据城市所属省份不同将长三角城市群划分为江苏省、浙江省和安徽省，研究省份属性对城市区域协调发展水平的不同，用以研究区域间的异质性。进一步根据经济发展水平与城市人口条件将长三角城市群华分为大中小三个层次，探讨城市规模的异质性。研究发现，劳动力自由流动是改善城市群协调水平提升的重要途径，功能分工程度在劳动力流动影响城市群协调发展水平的过程中发挥中介效应。异质性分析方面，分省份来看，劳动力流动对安徽省的促进作用最明显；分城市规模，小城市劳动力流动的促进作用最明显。
       此外，城市功能分工指数对城市群协调发展的影响具有门槛效应，当劳动力流动处于门槛值1.8以内，劳动力流动对城市群协调发展有促进作用。当劳动力流动程度不断加快，城市群功能分工不断深化，城市群内产业布局开始重新架构，分工形式的转变，不仅提升了不同城市的多样化、专业化水平，而且能够有效规避城市间同质，恶性竞争等问题，不断提升城市功能的互补性，形成错位互补、优势互补的城市群空间发展格局。
       所以本文结论是要打破限制劳动力流动的藩篱，继续加强推进城市群一体化进程，通过城市群功能分工促使确定同一经济单元内部不同城市依据自身禀赋与比较优势参与到城市群整个经济活动的生产或服务等职能环节，加强中心城市与周边中小城市在生产或服务活动上的分工水平，有效减少中心城市与中小城市在城市职能分工上的重复，最终形成错位发展、职能互补、分工协作的空间互补关系。

Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has not only achieved an increase in aggregate but also changed the economic spatial structure, and urban agglomerations are becoming a new type of spatial unit leading China's economic rise. However, the central city and the large city in the urban agglomeration concentrate a large amount of production resources, resulting in the lack of resources in the small cities or peripheral cities of the urban agglomeration, and then cannot effectively meet the basic needs of the residents in the region for material life and economic production activities, and the coordination degree between the cities within the urban agglomeration is misplaced, and the economic operation is slow or even stagnant. Although it has achieved certain results in improving the level of coordination of urban agglomerations and promoting the improvement of the integration level of urban agglomerations, it is difficult to solve a series of bottlenecks such as difficult matching of supply and demand and limited production efficiency. The functional division of labor theory, which evolved from the division of labor theory proposed by Adam Smith and Yang Xiaokai, has become a key node to break through this development bottleneck, and has become an important source of power and growth point for the coordinated development of urban agglomerations under the relatively saturated state of market capacity. Nowadays, with the rise of foreign anti-tradeism and a series of difficulties and challenges in domestic economic development, it is of research value to explore how to promote the division of labor within urban agglomerations by accelerating the flow of labor as the main factor of production, and form a unified economic development body through the integration and development of industrial chains, so as to improve the internal economic coordination of urban agglomerations.
In the context of accelerating the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles promoting each other, this paper grasps the coordinated development level, labor flow and functional division of labor index of the four subsystems of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration based on the statistical data based on the relevant theories such as labor mobility, division of labor theory and regional coordination theory, and clarifies the theoretical mechanism of labor mobility affecting the coordinated development level of urban agglomerations and puts forward hypotheses. Then, the theoretical hypothesis is empirically tested, and the panel data of 26 cities in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2012 to 2022 are used as the research object to examine the impact of labor mobility in improving the coordinated development of urban agglomerations, as well as the mediating effect of functional division of labor. 
Subsequently, heterogeneity analysis was carried out, and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration was divided into Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province and Anhui Province according to the different provinces to which the cities belonged, and the different levels of coordinated development of urban regions were studied by studying the different attributes of provinces, so as to study the heterogeneity between regions. Furthermore, according to the level of economic development and urban population conditions, the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is divided into three levels: large, medium and small, and the heterogeneity of urban scale is discussed. The results show that the free flow of labor is an important way to improve the coordination level of urban agglomerations, and the degree of functional division of labor plays a mediating effect in the process of labor mobility affecting the coordinated development level of urban agglomerations. In terms of heterogeneity analysis, from the perspective of provinces, labor mobility has the most obvious promotion effect on Anhui Province. According to the size of the city, the promotion effect of labor mobility in small cities is the most obvious.
In addition, the impact of urban functional division index on the coordinated development of urban agglomerations has a threshold effect, and when the labor flow is within the threshold value of 1.8, the labor flow has a promoting effect on the coordinated development of urban agglomerations. When the degree of labor mobility continues to accelerate, the functional division of labor in urban agglomerations continues to deepen, the industrial layout in urban agglomerations begins to restructure, and the transformation of the form of division of labor not only improves the diversification and specialization level of different cities, but also can effectively avoid the problems of homogeneity and vicious competition between cities, continuously improve the complementarity of urban functions, and form a spatial development pattern of urban agglomerations with dislocation and complementary advantages.
Therefore, the conclusion of this paper is to break the barriers that restrict labor mobility, continue to strengthen the integration process of urban agglomerations, and promote the functional links such as the participation of different cities in the same economic unit in the entire economic activities of the urban agglomeration according to their own endowments and comparative advantages through the functional division of labor in the same economic unit, strengthen the division of labor between the central city and the surrounding small and medium-sized cities in production or service activities, effectively reduce the duplication of urban functional division between the central city and the small and medium-sized cities, and finally form a dislocation development, functional complementarity, Spatial complementarity of division of labor and cooperation.