法学院知识库

在2022年《反垄断法》修订前，我国垄断协议二分法模式面临“横纵交错”类垄断协议的挑战。在2022年《反垄断法》修订之后，垄断协议面临的“二分法”困境因为组织帮助型垄断协议的补足而得到有效纾解。本文首先从组织帮助型垄断协议的基本理论出发，通过我国反垄断实践中存在的组织帮助型垄断协议问题及危害，结合我国轴辐协议的实践经验，总结组织帮助型垄断协议的概念及特征，并在其结构“双层双向性”的基础之上分析其与横向垄断协议、纵向垄断协议、轴辐协议的关系，并系统分析组织帮助型垄断协议的主体、行为表现模式、违法性分析模式等构成要件；其次，分析我国现行法律对组织帮助型垄断协议规制上存在的主体不周延、事实认定及证成存在困难、行为作用对象限定范围过窄、法律责任欠缺梯度等问题；再次，借鉴英美等国在处理轴辐协议类司法实例中有关轴辐协议认定以及轮缘共谋中附加因素证明的相关经验，为我国认定被组织者、被帮助者之间隐蔽的共谋提供参考；最后，针对上述法律规制存在的问题，提出构建社会团体组织、行政机关及授权组织等完整的主体规制范围,通过附加因素细化信息交流与意思联络过程、通过分析主观意图辅助客观事实证成，明确组织行为、帮助行为的行为作用对象为“达成或实施”,合理设置组织者、帮助者与被组织者、被帮助者之间、组织者与帮助者之间、以及行业协会内部的法律责任。本文旨在从组织者、帮助者视角出发，在组织帮助型垄断协议结构”双层双向性”的基础之上，进一步完善其法律规制路径。

Before the revision of the Anti-Monopoly Law in 2022, China's monopoly agreement dichotomy model faces the challenge of "horizontal and vertical" monopoly agreements. After the revision of the Anti-Monopoly Law in 2022, the dilemma of "dichotomy" faced by monopoly agreements has been effectively alleviated because of the supplement of organization-assisted monopoly agreement . Starting from the basic theory of organizational help monopoly agreement, this paper summarizes the concept and characteristics of organization-assisted monopoly agreement through the problems and hazards of Organization-assisted monopoly agreement existing in China's anti-monopoly practice, combined with the practical experience of China's hub-and-talked agreement. On the basis of "double-layer bidirectional" structure, the relationship between it and horizontal monopoly agreement, vertical monopoly agreement and hub-spoke agreement is analyzed, and the constituent elements of organizational help monopoly agreement such as the main body, behavior expression mode and illegality analysis mode are systematically analyzed. Secondly, it analyzes the main body of the Organization-assisted monopoly agreement, the difficulties in fact finding and proving, the narrow scope of the action object, and the lack of gradient of legal responsibility. Thirdly, the relevant experience of the identification of the hub-spoke agreement and the proof of additional factors in the flange collusion in the judicial cases of hub-spoke agreement in the United Kingdom and the United States is used for reference to identify the hidden collusion between the organizers and the helpers in China. Finally, in view of the problems in the above legal regulation, it proposes to construct a complete scope of subject regulation such as social organizations, administrative organs and authorized organizations, refine the process of information exchange and meaning liaison through additional factors, and assist objective facts by analyzing subjective intentions. It is clear that the action object of organizational behavior and helping behavior is "achieving or implementing", and reasonable legal responsibilities are set up between organizers, helpers and the organized, the helped, the organizers and the helpers, and within the industry association. From the perspective of organizers and helpers, this paper aims to further improve its legal regulation path on the basis of the "two-tier bidirectional" structure of the organization's help-based monopoly agreement.