法学院知识库

据第五十二次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告显示，截至2023年6月，我国网上外卖用户数量高达5.35亿人，比2022年12月增长1372万人，占网民整体的49.6%。由于网络订餐产业链延长且相对复杂，加之其产业模式的创新性较强，传统食品安全监管的系列规则手段等还不能完全适应外卖餐饮的迅速发展，食品安全问题频发，新的主体——平台和入网商家责任相对缺位、执法手段力度不适应、消费者维权难等问题也仍然存在，“民以食为天，食以安为本”。食品安全问题关乎国民身体健康和社会稳定，在互联网经济飞速发展的今天，专注于网络订餐领域，对其食品安全监管方面的法律问题进行研究探讨依然道阻且长。

首先，本文对所探讨的网络订餐的范围予以明确，进而分析其在食品安全与监管方面的特殊之处，并结合相关理论分析需对其进行监管的背后逻辑。其次，梳理我国目前在网络订餐食品安全监管方面的立法与实践现况，探寻其存在的法律问题，具体存在对网络订餐平台监管的法律规定不足且层级低、经营标准立法针对性不足且缺乏统一、赔偿责任追究机制不完善、执法手段滞后等相关问题。再次，通过了解目前世界上食品安全监管较为完善德国、美国、欧盟、西班牙的相关制度措施，结合我国的实际情况进行借鉴。最后，有针对性的提出相关建议，第一，细化和充实网络订餐食品安全监管立法，如强化餐饮经营标准体系立法、细化和完善平台监管立法、进行外卖配送立法等；第二，健全法律责任制度，如增强法律责任的相称性、建立网络订餐食品安全责任保险制度等；第三，加强网络订餐食品安全监管执法，如科学分配监管力量、明确和细化执法主体权责清单、完善网络订餐食品安全监管政府信息公开制度等。第四，强化平台法律责任和社会监督，如建立网络订餐食品安全监管的社会多元共治体系。希望通过文章的分析，为进一步规范网络订餐市场提供参考，为保障民众的身体健康贡献薄力。

According to the 52nd Statistical Report on China's Internet Development, as of June 2023, the number of online takeout users in China has reached 535 million, 13.72 million more than that in December 2022, accounting for 49.6% of the total Internet users. Due to the prolonged and relatively complex online ordering industry chain, coupled with the strong innovation of its industrial model, traditional food safety supervision rules and methods cannot fully adapt to the rapid development of takeout catering. Food safety issues occur frequently, and new entities - platforms and online merchants - are relatively lacking in responsibility, law enforcement measures are not suitable, and consumer rights are difficult to protect. "Food is paramount to the people, and food is safety oriented.". Food safety is related to the health of the people and social stability. Today, with the rapid development of the Internet economy, it is still a long way to focus on the field of online food ordering and study the legal issues of food safety supervision.

Firstly, this article clarifies the scope of online ordering discussed, analyzes its unique aspects in food safety and regulation, and combines relevant theories to analyze the underlying logic that needs to be regulated. Secondly, it combs the current legislation and practice status of food safety supervision in our country, and explores the existing legal problems. The main issues include insufficient and low-level legal provisions for the supervision of online ordering platforms, lack of targeted and unified legislation on business standards, imperfect compensation and accountability mechanisms, and lagging enforcement measures. Once again, by understanding the relevant institutional measures of Germany, the United States, the European Union, and Spain, which currently have relatively complete food safety regulations in the world, and combining them with the actual situation in China, we can draw lessons from them. Finally, targeted suggestions are put forward. Firstly, refine and enrich the legislation on food safety supervision for online ordering, such as strengthening the legislation on the standard system of catering operations, refining and improving platform supervision legislation, and carrying out legislation on food delivery delivery; Secondly, establish a sound legal responsibility system, such as enhancing the proportionality of legal responsibilities and establishing an online food safety liability insurance system for ordering meals; Thirdly, strengthen the supervision and enforcement of food safety in online ordering, such as scientifically allocating regulatory forces, clarifying and refining the list of rights and responsibilities of law enforcement entities, and improving the government information disclosure system for food safety supervision in online ordering. Fourthly, strengthen the legal responsibility and social supervision of the platform, such as establishing a diversified social governance system for online food safety supervision. I hope that through the analysis of the article, it can provide reference for further regulating the online ordering market and contribute to ensuring the physical health of the public.