法学院知识库

外卖行业网约工的出现为共享经济的发展做出了不可忽视的贡献，并在很大程度上活跃了劳动力市场，以其新型的灵活就业形式为社会提供了大量就业岗位。但灵活的用工方式使外卖行业网约工与平台企业间就劳动关系难以采用传统劳动关系进行认定，由此引发的外卖行业网约工劳动权益在休息休假权、社会保障权、职业安全保护权、劳动报酬权等方面存在保障力度不足的问题。

通过调查访问，除传统劳动关系认定标准模糊外，劳动定额不规范、社会保障对该特定群体的忽视、政府对平台企业监管力度不足等原因共同导致外卖行业网约工劳动权益受损。

因此，为保障外卖行业网约工前述劳动权益，第一，在劳动关系认定中，应以从属性作为认定的主要标准。依据用工事实为标准判断外卖行业网约工和外卖平台企业两者间从属性的强弱，进而对用工关系进行认定。对只满足部分从属性特征的用工关系，引入不完全劳动关系概念，以分类调整的方式保护外卖行业网约工的劳动权益。第二，在社会保障机制中，优化社会保险缴费标准及保障对象的弹性规制。第三，在劳动定额不规范方面，细化外卖行业网约工工作时间计算规则，限制外卖行业网约工最长在线工作时长。第四，在监管力度不足方面，应明确政府和外卖平台企业在外卖行业网约工劳动权益保障中的责任分化，使企业内部保障机制与公权监督指导并行，以切实保障外卖行业网约工的劳动权益。

The emergence of online workers in the take-out industry has made a significant contribution to the development of the sharing economy, and has greatly activated the labor market, providing a large number of jobs for society in its new flexible employment form.But the flexible employment mode makes it difficult to adopt traditional labor relations to identify labor relations between online contract workers and platform enterprises, resulting in insufficient protection of labor rights of online contract workers in the food delivery industry in terms of rest and vacation rights, social security rights, occupational safety protection rights, and labor remuneration rights.

Through the investigation and interview, in addition to the ambiguity of traditional labor relations identification standards, labor quotas are not standardized, social security's neglect of this specific group, and the government's insufficient supervision of platform enterprises, which have led to the loss of labor rights and interests of online contract workers in the takeout industry.

Therefore, in order to protect the aforementioned labor rights and interests, first, in the identification of labor relations, subordination should be taken as the main standard for identification. According to the employment facts as the standard to judge the strength of the subordination between the take-out industry network contract and the take-out platform enterprises, and then to identify the employment relationship. The concept of incomplete labor relations is introduced to the labor relations that only meet partial subordination characteristics, and the labor rights and interests of online contract workers in the takeout industry are protected by means of classification adjustment. Second, in the social security mechanism, optimize the flexible regulation of social insurance payment standards and protection objects. Third, in terms of labor quota non-standard, refine the working time calculation rules of the food delivery industry, and limit the maximum online working hours of the food delivery industry. Fourth, in terms of insufficient supervision, it should be clear that the government and take-out platform enterprises have differentiated responsibilities in the protection of the labor rights and interests of the take-out industry, so that the internal protection mechanism of the enterprise is parallel with the supervision and guidance of public rights, so as to effectively protect the labor rights and interests of the take-out industry.