金融学院知识库

2020年，我国脱贫攻坚战取得了全面胜利，绝对贫困已经消除，但相对贫困问题仍然存在，并且已经从单一的经济贫困转变为多维贫困。因此，防返贫工作的重点已转向解决多维贫困问题上。当前，我国进入巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的五年过渡期，期间，通过建立农村信用体系，成功推动了脱贫地区金融服务与“三农”工作的深度融合，为顺利完成五年过渡期以及推进乡村振兴提供了有力的支撑。西部地区是我国防返贫工作的关键区域，面临着严重的返贫风险和多维贫困问题，并且西部地区农村发展中存在金融排斥现象，这在一定程度上阻碍了金融发展对多维贫困的减缓作用。为了更有效地利用金融资源来解决多维贫困问题，需要大力发展农村信用体系。因此，探索西部地区多维贫困治理与农村信用体系建设结合，助力巩固脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴有效衔接，具有一定现实及理论意义。

本文首先对农村信用体系发展减缓多维贫困效果进行理论分析，其次在理论分析的基础上，进行计量模型回归，通过实证检验对假设和结果加以证实。在实证过程中，本文使用双固定效应模型对西部地区11个省份的截面数据进行回归，以分析农村信用体系的减贫效应；采取更换tobit模型、消除异常值和滞后一期对主回归结果进行稳健性检验；根据多维贫困进行维度划分，进行异质性检验；最后选择农村居民发展性消费作为调节变量，进行调节效应分析，得出西部地区农村信用体系发展减缓多维贫困的作用机制，进而提出具有针对性的政策建议。

本文得出以下结论：第一，西部地区农村信用体系建设水平较低，并且多维贫困情况比较严重；第二，西部地区农村信用体系对于多维贫困具有一定的减缓作用，特别是在收入和生活和及社会保障维度；第三，发展性消费水平作为调节变量，对于西部地区农村信用体系减贫增效具有正向促进作用。基于以上研究结论，提出要完善信用评价机制，优化信用环境，加强信用监管，推进征信业务，通过加快西部地区农村信用体系建设，减缓多维贫困现状，重视农村消费，增强农村信用体系减贫效应，更好地实现巩固脱贫攻坚成果和乡村振兴的有效衔接。

In 2020, China has won a comprehensive victory in the battle against poverty. Absolute poverty has been eliminated, but relative poverty still exists and has changed from a single economic poverty to a multi-dimensional poverty. Therefore, the focus of anti-poverty work has shifted to solving the problem of multidimensional poverty. At present, China has entered a five-year transition period of effectively connecting the achievements of poverty alleviation and expansion with rural revitalization. During this period, through the establishment of a rural credit system, the deep integration of financial services in poverty-stricken areas and the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers has been successfully promoted, providing strong support for the smooth completion of the five-year transition period and the promotion of rural revitalization. The western region is the key region of our national defense poverty return work, facing serious poverty return risk and multi-dimensional poverty problem. To alleviate multidimensional poverty in the region, greater financial support is needed. However, financial exclusion exists in rural development in the western region, which to some extent hinders the mitigation effect of financial development on multidimensional poverty. Therefore, in order to use financial resources more effectively to solve the problem of multidimensional poverty, it is necessary to vigorously develop the rural credit system. Therefore, it is of practical and theoretical significance to explore the combination of multi-dimensional poverty control and rural credit system construction in western China to help consolidate the effective connection between poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.This paper firstly conducts a theoretical analysis on the effect of rural credit system development in alleviating multidimensional poverty, and then carries out econometric model regression on the basis of theoretical analysis and research hypotheses, and confirms the hypotheses and results through empirical test. In the empirical process, this paper uses the double fixed effect model to regression the cross-sectional data of 11 provinces in western China to analyze the poverty reduction effect of the rural credit system. The robustness test of the main regression results is carried out by replacing tobit model, eliminating outliers and lagging one period. According to the multidimensional poverty, the dimension is divided and the heterogeneity test is carried out. Finally, the development consumption of rural residents is selected as the moderating variable, and the moderating effect is analyzed.

This paper draws the following conclusions: first, the construction level of rural credit system in western China is low, and the multidimensional poverty situation is serious; Secondly, the rural credit system in the western region has a certain role in alleviating multidimensional poverty, especially in the dimensions of income, living and social security; Third, as a moderating variable, developmental consumption level has a positive role in promoting poverty reduction and efficiency enhancement of the rural credit system in western China. Based on the above research conclusions, it is proposed to improve the credit evaluation mechanism, optimize the credit environment, strengthen the government support, and promote the credit investigation business.