国际经济与贸易学院知识库

In recent years, the Chinese government has paid great attention to the growth of cross-border e-commerce economy. With the release of various related policy documents one after another, traditional domestic trade enterprises have begun to explore entering the cross-border field and opening up new businesses, which has made cross-border e-commerce progressively more attractive to consumers and provided a strong impetus for the rapid growth of cross-border e-commerce economy. The same as the domestic e-commerce transactions, logistics and distribution is also the final step of cross-border e-commerce transactions, only the successful delivery of goods to the hands of consumers, the transaction can be considered to be basically completed, and the later return and exchange issues also rely on logistics. Therefore, logistics is a crucial part of cross-border e-commerce transactions and has received extensive attention from the government, relevant enterprises and consumers. With the development over the years, domestic e-commerce and logistics have basically achieved coordinated development, the role of logistics in promoting e-commerce is obvious, but when it comes to cross-border operations, the timeliness and service of logistics will be greatly reduced, which to a certain extent impedes the development of cross-border e-commerce. Overseas warehouse is born under such conditions. As a major innovation in cross-border logistics model, overseas warehouse successfully makes up for the shortcomings of traditional cross-border logistics, including high cross-border logistics costs and long delivery cycles. The core objective of overseas warehouses is to transfer cross-border trade activities to the local market of the host country, focusing on the consumer shopping experience, thus enabling the relevant enterprises to expand their market share and improve economic efficiency.

This study firstly starts from the current development status of cross-border e-commerce and cross-border logistics, and with the help of relevant charts and data, reveals the close relationship between the two, and gives a narrative of their respective characteristics. Further, several traditional modes of cross-border logistics are analysed and compared, and it is found that long delivery time, many obstacles to inbound customs clearance, difficulties in monitoring and tracking parcels throughout the whole process, common damage and loss of commodities, and high cost of return and exchange of goods are the common problems of traditional cross-border logistics. In the field of cross-border e-commerce, there exists an urgent need to find a new logistics and distribution method, which is not only compatible with the growth rate of cross-border e-commerce and can provide support for the development of cross-border e-commerce, but also can make up for the shortcomings of traditional logistics. Next, it describes in detail the mode and operation process of existing overseas warehouses, and discusses in depth the key role of overseas warehouses in the modern cross-border logistics industry, i.e., why it is necessary to build overseas warehouses. Next, the article explores the issue of where to build overseas warehouses, starting from enterprise motivation, looking for relevant influencing factors in host countries and selecting appropriate indicators to measure them, and then proposing relevant hypotheses. Finally, a binary model is constructed to empirically analyse the relevant factors through data collection and collation.

In the empirical analysis, this paper uses nine variables such as market size, per capita national income, country risk index, degree of openness to foreign investment, and degree of economic freedom of 17 countries during the period of 2013-2022 to study the factors influencing the location choice of overseas warehouses. The empirical results show that market size, economic freedom and labor cost are important considerations for enterprises when they plan to locate overseas warehouses; enterprises usually choose to invest and build factories in countries with large market size, high economic freedom and low labor cost; meanwhile, the bilateral relationship between China and the host country, the openness of the host country's foreign investment, the host country's scientific and technological level, and the country risk index will affect the enterprises' overseas warehouse location to different degrees. risk will affect the planning layout of enterprises' overseas warehouses to different degrees. In addition, geographical distance and infrastructure level have little influence on the location choice of overseas warehouses in the study of this paper. Finally, this paper puts forward suggestions based on the findings of the study, that: enterprises should combine their own reality when investing in the construction of overseas warehouses to select locations; do a good job of controlling costs, and thoroughly analyse the feasibility of ongoing operations. The government should strengthen the cooperation with relevant countries, encourage cross-border e-commerce enterprises to "go out", and at the same time, introduce relevant regulations and policies to escort cross-border e-commerce enterprises to "go out".