工商管理学院知识库

  当前，我国正处在巩固脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴有效衔接的交汇期，加快形成两大战略之间的有机衔接是当前“三农”工作的重要任务。民族地区拥有丰富的生态和文化资源，很多民族地区乡村以发展乡村旅游作为脱贫和振兴乡村的重要抓手。甘肃省是全国脱贫攻坚任务最重的省份，也是一个多民族省份，打赢脱贫攻坚战后，甘肃省民族脱贫地区整体发展水平仍然较低，自我发展能力仍然较弱，巩固脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴衔接任务仍然艰巨繁重。因此，本文从甘肃省民族地区发展乡村旅游的实际出发，选取了甘肃省甘南州扎尕那村、高吉村、香告村、清水村、酒泉市巴音布勒格村、黄泥堡村、临夏州折桥村、窑湾村、武威市天堂村、大红沟村等10个乡村旅游地为案例地，借鉴前人研究以及对相关政策文件的解读，构建甘肃省民族地区乡村旅游地巩固脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴综合发展水平评价指标体系，通过270名当地脱贫农户的调研数据，运用综合发展指数模型、耦合协调度模型和灰色关联模型，对这10个民族地区乡村旅游地巩固脱贫攻坚成果与乡村振兴的综合发展水平、有效衔接水平以及衔接影响因素进行测算分析，得出了以下结论：

  （1）从综合发展指数看，所选的这10个民族地区乡村旅游地的脱贫攻坚成果指数处于0.4245-0.6514之间，其均值为0.5171，整体脱贫攻坚成果指数偏低，说明这些乡村在巩固脱贫攻坚方面取得了一定的成效，已消除了绝对贫困，但仍旧存在相对贫困的现象，因而各乡村还需继续努力，将来之不易的脱贫成果巩固住、拓展开、提升足。各村乡村振兴指数处于0.4296-0.6223之间，其均值为0.4918，低于巩固脱贫攻坚成果指数，说明各村乡村振兴水平较低，有很大的提升空间，同时也说明巩固脱贫攻坚成果依然是当前各乡村的主要任务，乡村振兴任重道远。

  （2）从耦合协调度看，各乡村处于0.1886-0.9950之间，表明各乡村在巩固脱贫攻坚成果和乡村振兴有效衔接方面差异显著。黄泥堡村与窑湾村处于良好协调状态以上，这两个乡村都坚持从乡村振兴的五维出发，重视开发新业态；高吉村、天堂村、香告村、清水村处于初级协调状态和勉强协调状态之间，这四个乡村各具特色，重视产业发展以及生态环境治理，但旅游开发水平低，体验式项目建设不足，民族文化资源开发不足；扎尕那村、巴音布勒格村、折桥村、大红沟村处于濒临失调状态及以下，这四个乡村存在多方面的不足，可持续发展能力不足，最为突出的即为产业发展不足、体验式项目建设不足、民族文化资源开发不足、组织引领能力不足。同时通过比较分析得出，发展乡村旅游业在两者有效衔接的过程中能起到一定的作用，但并不是两者有效衔接的唯一途径。

  （3）从影响因素看，乡村振兴指标与耦合度之间的灰色关联度整体上高于脱贫攻坚成果指标与耦合度之间的灰色关联度。社会人才投身本村发展情况、乡村旅游等专业人才建设情况、文明乡风建设水平、产业绿色发展水平、村民自治组织的建设水平等三级指标是影响二者有效衔接程度的主要因素；从二级指标来看，这八个因素按重要程度由高到低排序依次为人才振兴、生态振兴、文化振兴、产业振兴、组织振兴、一超、三保障、两不愁。由此进一步说明，当前甘肃省民族地区乡村旅游地在巩固脱贫攻坚成果方面效果良好，各类民生保障已落实到位，未来实现有效衔接的关键在于乡村振兴水平的提升。

  （4）最后，通过上述分析本文从资金、村民自我发展能力、人才建设、民族文化资源开发、产业绿色发展、组织建设等方面提出了建议，力图通过这些措施提升有效衔接的效果。

  At present, China is at the intersection of consolidating the results of poverty eradication and revitalizing the countryside, and accelerating the formation of an organic link between the two strategies is an important task in the current work of the "three rural areas". Ethnic areas are rich in ecological and cultural resources, and many villages in ethnic areas are promoting the development of rural tourism as an important means of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.Gansu Province is the province with the most important task in poverty alleviation and is also a multi-ethnic province. After winning the poverty alleviation campaign, the overall development level of the ethnic poverty alleviation areas in Gansu Province is still low, and the self-development capacity is still weak, and the task of consolidating the results of poverty alleviation and revitalization of the countryside is still arduous and burdensome.  Therefore, based on the actual development of rural tourism in ethnic areas of Gansu Province, this paper selected 10 rural tourism destinations in Gansu Province, including Zhagana Village, Gaoji Village, Xianggao Village, Qingshui Village of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Bayinbulege Village, Huangnibao Village of Jiuquan City, Zheqiao Village, Yaowan Village of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Tiantang Village and Dahonggou Village of Wuwei City, as case sites. Based on previous studies and the interpretation of relevant policy documents, this paper constructs an evaluation index system for the comprehensive development level of rural tourism resorts in ethnic minority areas of Gansu Province, and adopts the comprehensive development index model, coupling coordination degree model and grey correlation model through the survey data of 270 local poverty-alleviation farmers. The comprehensive development level, effective connection level and influencing factors of rural tourism destinations in these 10 ethnic areas to consolidate poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization were calculated and analyzed, and the following conclusions were drawn:

  (1)From the comprehensive development index, the poverty eradication achievement index of these 10 selected rural tourism places in ethnic areas is between 0.4245 and 0.6514, with an average value of 0.5171, and the overall poverty eradication achievement index is on the low side, which indicates that these villages have achieved certain results in consolidating poverty eradication and have eliminated absolute poverty, but there still exists the phenomenon of relative poverty, and thus the villages still need to continue to work hard to consolidate, expand and enhance the hard-won results of poverty eradication. The rural revitalization index of each village is between 0.4296 and 0.6223, with an average value of 0.4918, which is lower than the index of consolidating the results of poverty alleviation, indicating that the level of rural revitalization of each village is relatively low, and there is a great deal of room for improvement, and it also indicates that the consolidation of the results of poverty alleviation is still the main task of each village at present, and that the rural revitalization of the countryside has a great deal of work ahead of it.

  (2) From the coupling coordination degree, the villages are in the range of 0.1886-0.9950, indicating that there are significant differences between the villages in consolidating the results of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization effectively. Huangnibao Village and Yaowan Village are above the state of good coordination, and both villages adhere to the five dimensions of rural revitalization and pay attention to the development of new industries; Gaoji Village, Paradise Village, Xianggao Village, and Qingshui Village are in the range between the state of primary coordination and the state of barely coordinated, and these four villages have their own unique characteristics and pay attention to industrial development as well as ecological environmental management, but the level of tourism development is low, the construction of experiential projects is insufficient, and the national cultural resources are These four villages have various deficiencies and insufficient sustainable development capacity, the most prominent of which are insufficient industrial development, insufficient construction of experiential projects, insufficient development of ethnic cultural resources, and insufficient organizational leadership capacity. Meanwhile, through comparative analysis, it is concluded that the development of rural tourism can play a certain role in consolidating the results of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, but it is not the only way to effectively connect the two.

  (3) From the perspective of influencing factors, the grey correlation between the indicators of rural revitalization and the degree of coupling is overall higher than the grey correlation between the indicators of poverty eradication results and the degree of coupling. The third-level indicators such as the situation of social talents devoting themselves to the development of the village, the construction of rural tourism and other professionals, the level of civilized countryside style construction, the level of industrial green development, and the level of construction of villagers' self-governing organizations are the main factors affecting the degree of effective convergence between the two. From the perspective of secondary indicators, these eight factors are ranked from high to low in order of importance: talent revitalization, ecological revitalization, cultural revitalization, industrial revitalization, organizational revitalization, one super, three guarantees, and two no worries. This further indicates that the current rural tourism destinations in minority areas of Gansu Province have achieved good results in consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation, and various livelihood guarantees have been put in place. The key to achieving effective connection in the future lies in the improvement of the level of rural revitalization.

  (4) Finally, through the above analysis this paper puts forward suggestions from the aspects of funding, villagers' self-development ability, talent construction, national cultural resources development, industry green development, organization construction, etc., and tries to enhance the effect of effective articulation through these measures.