经济学院知识库

近年来，中国农业迅速发展并取得令人瞩目的巨大成就。然而以往粗放的生产经营方式和对资源无节制的开发利用严重透支了生态红利，导致农业面源污染并阻碍其高质量发展。农户作为农业生产的微观主体，只有当越来越多的农户采纳绿色生产技术，才能实现农业的绿色发展目标。然而，从现实情况来看，农户绿色生产技术的采纳仍存在采纳率低、采纳种类不全等问题。而农户自身拥有的资本禀赋是影响农户行为决策的主要因素。同时，认知是行为的先导。农户对新技术的认知了解程度直接决定了农户对技术的采纳与否。此外，认知在一定程度上会受到农户禀赋的影响。因此，厘清资本禀赋、农户认知与农户绿色生产技术采纳行为之间的关系，对降低农业生产对环境造成的面源污染以及减少资源浪费具有重要意义。

本文在梳理国内外有关农户绿色生产技术采纳行为研究现状的基础上，首先对资本禀赋、农户认知等主要核心变量进行解释界定。其次，在资本禀赋理论、计划行为理论、农户行为理论等理论的基础上，阐述了资本禀赋、农户认知对农户绿色生产技术采纳行为影响的理论逻辑。然后，构建资本禀赋、农户认知与农户绿色生产技术采纳行为的指标体系，并对其进行特征分析。再次，在对甘肃省687户农户进行实地调研的基础上，结合获取的调研数据，采用有序Probit模型对以下问题进行实证分析：（1）资本禀赋及其分维度（人力资本、经济资本、自然资本、社会资本）对农户采纳绿色生产技术会产生怎样的影响？影响效果如何？（2）农户认知及其分维度（绿色认知、技术认知）对农户绿色生产技术采纳行为会产生怎样的影响？影响效果如何？在资本禀赋及其分维度影响农户绿色生产技术采纳行为的过程中，是否起到一定的中介作用？如果有起到中介作用，具体有何种中介作用？（3）在农户认知对农户绿色生产技术采纳行为施加影响的过程中，环境规制是否发挥了一定的调节作用？发挥了怎样的调节作用。

研究结果表明：（1）样本区农户绿色生产技术采纳行为有较大的提升空间，其采纳率较低，采纳种类偏少。（2）资本禀赋会显著正向影响农户绿色生产技术采纳行为。包括经济资本、人力资本、自然资本以及社会资本，在统计检验中均显示出显著正向影响，表明资本禀赋的提高对于农户采纳绿色生产技术具有积极作用。农户认知水平对农户绿色生产技术采纳行为具有正向影响，包括技术认知和绿色认知。（3）资本禀赋对农户绿色生产技术采纳行为的影响是多方面的，不仅存在直接影响，也会在农户认知水平的中介作用下间接影响到农户绿色生产技术采纳行为，形成资本禀赋—农户认知—绿色生产技术采纳行为的传导路径。在其分维度人力资本、经济资本、社会资本中发挥部分中介的作用。（4）约束型环境规制在农户认知和绿色生产技术采纳行为之间起到了正向调节作用。但是，激励型环境规制在调节农户认知和绿色生产技术采纳行为方面的效果并不显著。基于此，本文提出从以下三个层面来提升农户采纳绿色生产技术的积极性，实现农业的可持续发展：首先是提升农户的整体资本存量，增强他们的人力、经济、自然、社会基础；其次，提高农户的认知水平，让他们更深入地理解和接受绿色生产技术；最后，强化环境规制，通过激励和约束型政策来推动农户采纳绿色生产方式。

In recent years, China's agriculture has developed rapidly and achieved remarkable achievements. However, the extensive production and operation methods and uncontrolled development and utilization of resources in the past have seriously overdrawn the ecological dividend, leading to agricultural non-point source pollution and hindering its high-quality development. As micro entities in agricultural production, farmers can only achieve the goal of green development in agriculture when more and more farmers adopt green production technologies. However, in reality, there are still issues with low adoption rates and incomplete adoption types in the adoption of green production technologies by farmers. The capital endowment possessed by farmers themselves is the main factor affecting their behavioral decision-making. Meanwhile, cognition is the precursor to behavior. The level of awareness and understanding of new technologies by farmers directly determines whether they adopt them or not. In addition, cognition is to some extent influenced by the endowment of farmers. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between capital endowment, farmer cognition, and farmer's adoption of green production technologies is of great significance for reducing non-point source pollution caused by agricultural production to the environment and reducing resource waste.

On the basis of reviewing the current research status of green production technology adoption behavior among farmers both domestically and internationally, this article first explains and defines the main core variables such as capital endowment and farmer cognition. Secondly, based on theories such as planned behavior theory, capital endowment theory, and farmer behavior theory, the theoretical logic of the impact of capital endowment and farmer cognition on the adoption behavior of green production technologies by farmers is elaborated. Then, construct an indicator system for capital endowment, farmer cognition, and farmer's adoption behavior of green production technologies, and analyze their characteristics. Once again, based on field research data from 687 households in Gansu Province, an ordered Probit model is used to empirically analyze the following issues: (1) What impact will capital endowment and its sub dimensions (human, economic, natural, social capital) have on farmers adopting green production technologies? How effective is the impact? (2) What is the impact of farmer cognition and its sub dimensions (green cognition, technology cognition) on the adoption behavior of green production technology by farmers? How effective is the impact? Does it play a certain mediating role in the process of capital endowment and its sub dimensions affecting the adoption behavior of green production technologies by farmers? If so, what is the mediating effect? (3) Has environmental regulation played a certain regulatory role in the process of influencing the adoption of green production technologies by farmers based on their cognition? What regulatory effect has it played.

The research results indicate that: (1) There is significant room for improvement in the adoption behavior of green production technologies by farmers in the sample area, with a low adoption rate and fewer types of adoption. (2) Capital Endowment will positively affect the green production adoption behavior of farmers, and the impact is significant.Including human capital, economic capital, natural capital, and social capital, all show significant positive effects in statistical tests, indicating that the improvement of capital endowment has a positive effect on farmers adopting green production technologies. The cognitive level of farmers, including green cognition and technological cognition, has a positive impact on their adoption behavior of green production technologies. (3) Capital endowment not only directly affects the adoption of green production technologies by farmers, but also indirectly affects this behavior by influencing their cognitive level, forming a transmission path of capital endowment farmer cognition green production technology adoption behavior. Play a partial intermediary role in its dimensions of human capital, economic capital, and social capital. (4) Between the adoption of green production technology and Farmers' cognition, restrictive environmental regulation can play a positive regulatory role.However, the effect of incentive based environmental regulations on regulating farmers' cognition and green production technology adoption behavior is not significant. Based on this, this article proposes to enhance the enthusiasm of farmers to adopt green production technologies and achieve sustainable development of agriculture from the following three levels: firstly, to enhance the overall capital stock of farmers, enhance their human, economic, natural, and social foundations; Secondly, improve the cognitive level of farmers, enabling them to have a deeper understanding and acceptance of green production technologies; Finally, strengthen environmental regulations and promote the adoption of green production methods by farmers through incentive and restrictive policies.