金融学院知识库

近年来，我国经济正处于转型升级的关键时期，由高速增长转向高质量发展阶段。在宏观经济运行的各个环节中，消费已成为拉动经济增长不可或缺的关键驱动力之一。然而，长期以来，我国存在着储蓄积累过度、消费增长疲软的现象，居民消费能力相较于全球其他国家和地区尚有待提升。因此，优化消费结构、提升消费水平，对于推动我国经济的高质量发展具有重要意义。随着社会经济的不断发展与人民对生活品质的持续追求，医疗保障的重要性日益凸显。构建一个健全且高效的医疗保障体系，不仅能提供及时可靠的医疗服务，还能深层次影响居民的消费决策与储蓄行为。目前我国基本医疗保障体系构建已经较为完善，但是保障水平较低，居民预防性储蓄较高，仍然不足以充分释放居民消费潜力。基于此，我国于2012年发布了《关于开展城乡居民大病保险工作的指导意见》，提出建立城乡居民大病保险制度，旨在为城乡居民提供更为全面、深层次的医疗保障，减轻其经济负担。探索城乡居民大病保险对居民家庭消费的影响，有助于全面了解政策实施效果，并对我国全面建设多层次医疗保障体系提供可行性建议。

本文梳理相关文献，对我国大病保险政策的运行状况和居民消费现状进行了分析，并探究了大病保险制度如何作用于居民家庭消费行为的过程，旨在阐明大病保险对居民家庭消费水平、消费决策以及消费结构等方面的具体影响路径和机理。本文选取中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据库，采用多期双重差分模型，讨论大病保险对居民家庭总消费和各分项消费的影响，并进行了稳健性检验。最后，由于对不同地区、不同收入水平、不同健康状况和不同婚姻状况家庭的影响效果可能存在差异，因此从以上几个方面进行了异质性分析。

研究结果显示，第一，大病保险促进家庭总消费增长约8.99%；第二，对家庭消费进行分类，发现大病保险对生存型消费作用显著，促进消费约6.65%，对发展型消费和享乐型消费作用不明显；第三，根据异质性分析，大病保险分别对西部地区、低收入、健康程度较低和已婚家庭的居民家庭消费的促进作用更明显。

In recent years, China's economy is in a critical period of transformation and upgrading, from high-speed growth to a stage of high-quality development. In every link of macroeconomic operation, consumption has become one of the indispensable key driving forces for economic growth. However, for a long time, there is excessive accumulation of savings and weak consumption growth in China, and the consumption power of residents needs to be improved compared with other countries and regions in the world. Therefore, optimizing the consumption structure and improving the consumption level is of great significance to promote the high-quality development of our economy. With the continuous development of social economy and people's continuous pursuit of quality of life, the importance of medical security has become increasingly prominent. Building a sound and efficient medical security system can not only provide timely and reliable medical services, but also deeply affect residents' consumption decisions and savings behavior. At present, China's basic medical security system has been relatively perfect, but the level of security is low, residents' preventive savings is high, and it is still not enough to fully release the consumption potential of residents. Based on this, China issued the Guiding Opinions on the Development of Serious Illness Insurance for Urban and Rural Residents in 2012, proposing the establishment of a serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents, aiming to provide more comprehensive and in-depth medical security for urban and rural residents, so as to reduce their economic burden. Exploring the impact of serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents on household consumption is helpful to fully understand the effect of policy implementation, and provide feasible suggestions for the comprehensive construction of multi-level medical security system in China.

This paper combs relevant literature, analyzes the operation status of China's serious illness insurance policy and residents' consumption status, and explores the process of how the serious illness insurance system affects residents' household consumption behavior, aiming to clarify the specific influence path and mechanism of serious illness insurance on residents' household consumption level, consumption decision-making and consumption structure. Secondly, this paper selects the China Household Tracking Survey (CFPS) database and adopts the multi-period differential model to discuss the impact of critical illness insurance on the total household consumption and various types of consumption, and conducts a robustness test. Finally, because the effects of different regions, different income levels, different health conditions and different marital status may be different, the heterogeneity analysis is carried out from the above aspects.

The results show that, first, serious illness insurance promotes the increase of total household consumption by about 8.99%; Second, by classifying household consumption, it is found that serious illness insurance has a significant effect on survival consumption, promoting consumption by about 6.65%, but has no obvious effect on development consumption and pleasure consumption. Thirdly, according to the heterogeneity analysis, the critical illness insurance has a more significant promoting effect on the household consumption of residents in the western region, low-income, less healthy and married families respectively.