国际经济与贸易学院知识库

高技术产业作为现代化体系的重要枢纽，对于国家的创新能力和经济增长具 有重要意义。在全球化和信息技术的推动下，高技术产业的发展已经不再局限于 特定地域，而是在全国乃至全球范围内进行合作与竞争。目前我国创新总体呈现 出“东—中—西”逐渐衰减的格局，具有明显的经济地带性差异，而人力资本作 为高技术产业的核心资源，对于创新效率的提高至关重要。一方面，人力资本可 以提高本区域的创新能力；另一方面，区域之间知识、技术等溢出的速度和效率 明显提高，导致创新的空间外溢效应也日益增强。因此，本文围绕着“高技术产 业创新效率测度——高技术产业创新效率的空间相关特征——人力资本对高技 术产业创新效率的空间计量分析”的思路，探讨人力资本影响区域高技术产业创 新效率的一般机理，具有一定的理论和现实意义。 首先，本文在梳理国内外研究高技术产业创新效率的测度方法的基础上，将 创新活动分为两阶段：技术研发阶段和成果推广阶段，选取相应的投入产出指标 构建评价指标体系，并采用三阶段DEA计算我国各省份高技术产业的创新效率。 其次，探索各省份高技术产业创新效率的空间自相关性，选取政府支持力度、产 学研合作程度、城市规模等控制变量，分析人力资本空间溢出效应对高技术产业 创新效率的作用机理，检验人力资本空间溢出效应与高技术产业创新效率之间的 关系。最后，通过替换空间权重矩阵、解释变量指标等方法，探究人力资本空间 溢出效应对高技术产业创新效率计量结果的稳健性。 本文主要的研究结论如下：一是，各省份高技术产业科技投入、产出以及创 新效率均呈现“东-中-西”逐渐衰减格局。二是，运用全局莫兰指数和局部莫兰 指数，得到高技术产业技术研发效率与成果推广效率均存在正向的空间溢出效应。 三是，人力资本对高技术产业技术研发效率和成果推广效率均存在正向溢出效应。 基于以上研究结论，本文从建立人才培养机制、加强产学研合作程度、建立 知识共享和技能转移机制和培养创新文化和激励机制，提出驱动我国高技术产业 创新效率提升的建议。

As an important hub of modernization system, high-tech industry is of great significance to the country’s innovation ability and economic growth. Driven by globalization and information technology, the development of high-tech industry is no longer limited to a specific region, but to cooperate and compete on a national and even global scale. At present, China's innovation generally presents a pattern of "east — middle — west" gradually declining, with obvious economic zonal differences, and human capital, as the core resource of high-tech industry, is crucial to the improvement of innovation efficiency. On the one hand, human capital can enhance the innovation capacity of the region and neighboring regions. On the other hand, the speed and quality of knowledge and technology spillover between regions have been significantly improved, resulting in the increasing spatial spillover effect of innovation. Therefore, this paper discusses the general mechanism of human capital’s impact on regional high-tech industry innovation efficiency by focusing on "Measurement of innovation efficiency of high-tech industries- spatial correlation characteristics of innovation efficiency of high-tech industries- Spatial econometric analysis of human capital on innovation efficiency of high-tech industries", which has certain theoretical and practical significance. First of all, on the basis of sorting out the measurement methods of high-tech industry innovation efficiency at home and abroad, this paper divides innovation activities into two stages: technology research and development stage and achievement promotion stage, selects the corresponding input-output indicators to build an evaluation index system, and adopts three-stage DEA to calculate the two-stage innovation efficiency of high-tech industry in various provinces in China. Secondly, the paper explores the spatial auto-correlation of high-tech industry innovation efficiency in each province, selects control variables such as government support, industry-learn-research cooperation, and city size , analyzes the mechanism of human capital spillover effect on high-tech industry innovation efficiency in two stages, and tests the relationship between human capital spillover effect and high-tech industry innovation efficiency. Finally, by replacing the spatial weight matrix and explanatory variable index, this paper explores the robustness of the human capital spillover effect on the measurement results of innovation efficiency in high-tech industries. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: First, the scientific and technological input, output and innovation efficiency of high-tech industries in all provinces show an "east — middle — west" pattern of gradual decline. Secondly, by using the global and local Moral indices, it is found that there are positive spatial spillover effects on technology R&D efficiency and achievement promotion efficiency of high-tech industries. Third, human capital has a positive spillover effect on technology R&D efficiency and achievement promotion efficiency of high-tech industries. Based on the above research conclusions, this paper puts forward some suggestions to drive the innovation efficiency of China's high-tech industries from the perspectives of establishing a talent training mechanism, strengthening the degree of industry-university-research cooperation, establishing a knowledge sharing and skill transfer mechanism, and cultivating an innovation culture and incentive mechanism.