经济学院知识库

生态系统服务对人类的生存和可持续发展至关重要。在社会经济快速发展背景下，具有生态服务功能的土地类型不断流失，从而深刻影响生态系统服务价值。黄河流域甘肃段为我国重要的生态功能区，承担着多项关键的生态服务功能，但该区存在生态环境敏感脆弱，生态保护资金投入来源单一、补偿机制有待完善，生态系统服务价值测算和补偿范围、标准、方式不够明确等问题。因此，通过研究黄河流域甘肃段生态系统服务价值动态变化及空间格局，并进一步探讨影响生态系统服务价值空间分异的影响因素，有助于完善全流域生态补偿机制以及提高生态保护资金配置效率。

本文首先系统梳理了相关文献，在探究黄河流域甘肃段土地利用面积以及类型变化情况的基础上，根据修正过的当量因子表完成了黄河流域甘肃段生态系统服务价值测算、空间格局与敏感性分析，进而利用地理探测器探明生态系统服务价值的影响因素。研究表明:（1）耕地和草地是黄河流域甘肃段主要的土地利用类型。面积占比从高到低依次是耕地、林地、未利用地、建设用地、水体。建设用地的动态度远远高于其他用地类型，说明研究区建设用地扩张迅速。（2）耕地、林地和草地是提供生态系统服务价值最多的用地类型，2020年分别提供了129.9亿元、203.2亿元和196.8亿元的生态系统服务价值，三者提供的价值占总价值的95%左右，建设用地提供的生态系统服务价值最少。研究区生态系统服务价值在整个20年研究跨度之中总体呈上升态势，但是后10年增长率明显下降。黄河流域甘肃段各县区的生态系统服务价值以玛曲县最高为45.3亿元，最低是在兰州市安宁区为0.2亿元。从各县区总生态系统服务价值空间分异来看，生态系统服务价值在近20年逐渐形成正相关的空间分布格局。（3）社会经济因子是主要的影响因素，社会经济因子和社会经济因子之间的相互作用影响了生态系统服务价值空间分异格局的形成。

 Ecosystem services are essential for human survival and sustainable development. In the context of rapid socio-economic development, the loss of land with ecological service functions such as woodland, grassland and water bodies has a profound impact on the value of ecosystem services. The Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin is an important ecological function area in China, which undertakes a number of key ecological service functions. However, the Plan for Ecological Protection and High-Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin of Gansu Province mentions that the ecological environment in this area is sensitive and fragile, the source of ecological protection funds is single, the compensation mechanism needs to be improved, and the scope, standards and methods of ecological value measurement and compensation are not clear enough. Therefore, by studying the dynamic changes and spatial patterns of ecosystem service value in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin, and further exploring the influencing factors affecting the spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value, it is helpful to improve the ecological compensation mechanism and improve the efficiency of ecological protection fund allocation in the whole basin.

In this paper, we first systematically reviewed the relevant literature, and on the basis of exploring the land use area and type changes in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin, the estimation of ecosystem service value, spatial pattern and sensitivity analysis were completed according to the modified equivalent factor table, and then the influencing factors of ecosystem service value were found by using geographic detectors. The results show that: (1) Cultivated land and grassland are the main land use types in Gansu in the Yellow River Basin. The proportions from high to low are cultivated land, forest land, unused land, construction land, and water bodies. The dynamics of construction land are much higher than those of other land types, indicating that the construction land in the study area is expanding rapidly. (2) Cultivated land, forest land and grassland are the types of land that provide the most value of ecosystem services, accounting for about 95% of the total value, and the value of ecosystem services provided by construction land is the least.In 2020, it provided 12.99 billion yuan, 20.32 billion yuan and 19.68 billion yuan of ecological value, respectively. The value of ecosystem services in the study area increased in the whole 20-year study period, but the growth rate decreased significantly in the last 10 years. The ecosystem service value of each county in the Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin was the highest in Maqu County, and the lowest in Anning District of Lanzhou City. From the perspective of the spatial differentiation of the total ecosystem service value in each county, the spatial distribution pattern of ecosystem service value has gradually formed a positive correlation in the past 20 years. (3) Socio-economic factors are the main influencing factors, and the interaction between socio-economic factors and socio-economic factors strengthens the formation of spatial differentiation pattern of ecosystem service value.