马克思主义学院知识库

2019年底发生的新冠肺炎疫情(COVID-19)，将是21世纪编年史上的划时代事件。它在经历暴发初期关键阶段之后，逐步演进为大流行性疫情，是继第二次世界大战引发的天花、疟疾及登革热等全球公共卫生事件以来，人类面临的最复杂、艰巨的全球公共卫生安全挑战，严重阻碍了全球经济社会的发展，给世界带来颠覆性破坏与深远影响。我国作为在世界舞台上具有重大国际影响力的大国，在疫情防控中，采取“举国抗疫”的中心思想，严防死守每一道关卡，始终坚持贯彻人民至上、生命至上的防控理念，取得了抗击新冠肺炎疫情斗争的决定性胜利。对于抗疫保卫战的阶段性胜利，体现了我国在这场抗疫斗争中总揽全局、高瞻远瞩，充分展示强烈的责任担当。我国在面对新冠疫情所取得的重大成就，谱写了人类同疫情和灾难斗争的壮丽篇章，展现了中国精神、中国力量和中国担当。当下我们已经处于后疫情时代，这并不代表新冠疫情已经消解或彻底结束，恰恰相反，现在的我们随时都可能面临最新变异的新冠病毒的小规模爆发，正处于对各方面产生深远影响的阶段。当下同时也是中国的新起点，迎来新经济模式的发展。这将是中国经济的新起点，也是经济模式转型升级的重大机遇，如何把握生活方式和社会变化，如何抓住机遇在这暗流激涌的新时代迈步前行，认真总结和研究我国新冠疫情防控基本经验，具有十分重要的现实价值和理论意义。

本文综合运用文献研究法等研究方法界定了有关新冠疫情防控基本经验与相关理论基础，坚持中国特色社会主义，贯彻新时代中国特色社会主义思想，结合我国具体的国情，梳理了我国关于新冠疫情防控工作的基本理念及特征；对我国三年新冠疫情防控发展历程及存在的主要问题进行总结思考。比如应急治理体系有效性、合理性的不足、统一高效权威的应急指挥机构的缺失、传染病防治法律制度建设的滞后，以期不断完善疫情防控体系，提升国家公共卫生安全治理能力。汲取这次新冠疫情防控成功的经验，探讨我国未来对相关疫情防控治理路径的选择和优化问题，发布并积极落实科学合理的抗疫策略，保持忧患意识，对未来可能出现的困难和挑战防患于未然，坚定地向社会主义现代化强国迈进。

The COVID-19 epidemic that emerged at the end of 2019 will be a groundbreaking event in the chronicles of the 21st century. After undergoing a critical phase during the initial outbreak, it gradually evolved into a global pandemic. It is the most complex and formidable global public health security challenge faced by humanity since the global public health events triggered by smallpox, malaria, and dengue fever following World War II. The epidemic has severely hindered global economic and social development, causing disruptive destruction and far-reaching consequences worldwide. As a major country with significant international influence on the world stage, China, in its epidemic prevention and control efforts, adopted the central concept of "the whole nation coming together to fight the epidemic," strictly guarding every checkpoint. China consistently adhered to the principles of prioritizing the well-being of the people and valuing life, achieving a decisive victory in the battle against the COVID-19 pandemic. The phased victories in the battle against the epidemic reflect China's comprehensive and forward-thinking approach in this fight, demonstrating a strong sense of responsibility. China's significant achievements in facing the COVID-19 epidemic have composed a magnificent chapter in the struggle of humankind against epidemics and disasters, showcasing the spirit, strength, and sense of responsibility of China. We are currently in the post-pandemic era, which does not mean that the COVID-19 pandemic has dissipated or completely ended. On the contrary, we may face sporadic outbreaks of the latest variant of the novel coronavirus at any time, and we are currently in a stage that has far-reaching effects on various aspects. Simultaneously, it is also a new starting point for China, ushering in the development of a new economic model. This will be a new starting point for China's economy and a significant opportunity for the transformation and upgrading of the economic model. How to grasp changes in lifestyle and society, how to seize opportunities and move forward in this era of surging undercurrents, and how to thoroughly summarize and study the basic experiences of China's COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control all hold great practical value and theoretical significance.

This article comprehensively employs research methods such as literature review to define the basic experiences and relevant theoretical foundations of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control. It adheres to socialism with Chinese characteristics and implements the ideology of socialism with Chinese characteristics for the new era. Combining with China's specific national conditions, it outlines the basic concepts and characteristics of China's work on COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control. It summarizes and reflects on the development process of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control in China over the past three years, as well as the main issues that exist. For example, deficiencies in the effectiveness and rationality of the emergency management system, the absence of a unified, efficient, and authoritative emergency command structure, and the lag in the construction of legal systems for infectious disease prevention and control. The aim is to continuously improve the epidemic prevention and control system and enhance the governance capacity for national public health security. Drawing on the successful experiences in COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control, it explores the selection and optimization of China's future governance paths for related epidemic prevention and control issues. It emphasizes the release and active implementation of scientifically sound anti-epidemic strategies, maintaining a sense of preparedness, and proactively guarding against potential difficulties and challenges that may arise in the future, firmly advancing towards the goal of building a socialist modernized country.