财税与公共管理学院知识库

2020年我国全面建成小康社会，标志着我国解决了绝对贫困问题。但是对比中部、东部、西部地区以及城乡之间等，相对贫困问题依旧存在。2020年后我国脱贫攻坚的重点将由过去解决绝对贫困转变为消除相对贫困，但这并不意味着可以放松或降低扶贫标准，而是要更加重视对相对贫困群体尤其是少数民族和欠发达地区群众生活质量的提升。这是党对全面建成小康社会新阶段的重要判断和新定位，也是党对我国经济社会发展阶段性特征和主要矛盾变化作出的重大战略决策。因此，要以2020年后全面消除相对贫困为目标导向，构建分类施策、精准脱贫、解决发展不平衡不充分问题等脱贫攻坚新机制，为此需要在西部地区进一步强化巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接工作。

本文首先研究了不同理论对于贫困的治理途径；其次梳理了我国以及西部地区治理绝对贫困的历程；再次从影响相对贫困水平的角度出发，依次为收入方面、教育方面、健康方面、生活水平方面以及生态环境方面共26个可量化的三级指标；然后利用更具客观性的熵权法测算出每个指标的权重；最后采用TOPSIS方法对2011-2020年的省级面板数据测算出西部地区不同省份的相对贫困水平进行比较分析。

通过研究得出以下结论：第一，文盲人口占15岁以上人口的比重对西部地区相对贫困影响最大，城市燃气普及率次之；第二，2011-2020年，甘肃省在生态环境方面相对贫困水平最高；青海省在教育方面相对贫困水平最高；第三，2011-2020年，新疆维吾尔自治区在西部地区中相对贫困水平最低，云南省、贵州省、西藏自治区、四川省在西部地区中综合相对贫困水平较高；根据以上结论，本文分别从财政扶贫资金、产业发展、基础设施、公共服务、兜底保障等方面提出建立解决相对贫困长效机制的对策建议。

Building a well-off society in an all-round way in 2020 indicates that China has solved the problem of absolute poverty. However, compared with the central, eastern and western regions and between urban and rural areas, the problem of relative poverty still exists. After 2020, the focus of China's poverty alleviation will shift from solving absolute poverty to eliminating relative poverty, but this does not mean that the poverty alleviation standards can be relaxed or lowered, but more attention should be paid to improving the quality of life of relatively poor groups, especially ethnic minorities and underdeveloped areas. This is the party's important judgment and new orientation on the new stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and it is also a major strategic decision made by the party on the stage characteristics and major contradictions of China's economic and social development. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively eliminate relative poverty after 2020 as the goal, and build a new mechanism for poverty alleviation, such as classified policy, accurate poverty alleviation, and solving the problem of insufficient development imbalance. Therefore, it is necessary to further strengthen and expand the effective connection between poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization in the western region.

Firstly, this paper studies the governance approaches of different theories for poverty; Secondly, it combs the course of controlling absolute poverty in China and the western region; Thirdly, from the perspective of affecting the relative poverty level, there are 26 quantifiable three-level indicators in turn: income, education, health, living standards and ecological environment; Then the more objective entropy weight method is used to calculate the weight of each index; Finally, TOPSIS method is used to compare and analyze the relative poverty levels of different provinces in the western region based on the provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020.

The conclusions are as follows: first, the proportion of illiterate population over 15 years old has the greatest impact on the relative poverty in the western region, followed by the urban gas penetration rate; Second, from 2011 to 2020, Gansu Province has the highest level of relative poverty in terms of ecological environment; Qinghai province has the highest level of relative poverty in education; Thirdly, in 2011-2020, the relative poverty level of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is the lowest in the western region, while that of Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet Autonomous Region and Sichuan Province is relatively high. According to the above conclusions, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to establish a long-term mechanism to solve relative poverty from the aspects of financial poverty alleviation funds, industrial development, infrastructure, public services and all-round security.