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目前，我国巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接的进程取得重大进展，防止规模性返贫的目标初步实现，但是规模性返贫的风险依然存在，少数民族旅游区仍处于脱贫、返贫的边缘位置。贫困不止体现在物质维度，还体现在居民的自我发展能力维度，能力缺失是少数民族旅游区返贫的重要因素。阿玛蒂亚·森能力贫困理论重视培养人的可行能力，契合中国国情，具有参考意义，因此本文尝试借鉴阿玛蒂亚·森能力贫困相关理论来解决少数民族旅游区的返贫问题，以期提高防返贫工作效率，促进脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴的有效衔接。

本文在梳理前人相关研究的基础之上，以阿玛蒂亚·森理论为主要依据，同时结合少数民族旅游区脱贫、返贫现状，从主体地位、经济条件、社会机会和产业保障4个维度，选取23个测量指标，构建了能力缺失型少数民族旅游区返贫风险因素测量指标体系。以甘肃省甘南藏族自治州和四川省凉山彝族自治州的少数民族旅游区居民为研究对象，基于312份居民的返贫风险感知调研数据，利用二元logistics回归模型对少数民族旅游区返贫风险因素进行了实证研究。同时对不同人口统计特征、旅游依托模式、旅游参与形式和旅游脱贫手段对居民返贫风险感知差异的影响进行了比较分析。最终得出以下研究结论：

（1）政府及企业帮扶、旅游产品开发投入、自主学习、技能培训内容、技能培训参与度、对外宣传和财产储蓄这7个变量是影响少数民族旅游区返贫的主要风险因素，少数民族旅游区居民在旅游参与可行能力、旅游产品经营可行能力、旅游技能提升可行能力等方面存在不同程度的缺失：旅游产品开发投入自变量对少数民族旅游区居民返贫风险感知呈负向影响，即少数民族旅游区居民对旅游产品开发所投入的资金、时间越少，少数民族旅游区的返贫风险就越低；其余6个变量均对少数民族旅游区居民返贫风险感知有显著正向影响，即在政府及企业帮扶、自主学习、技能培训内容、技能培训参与度、对外宣传和财产储蓄方面存在缺失的情况越严重，少数民族旅游区存在的返贫风险就越强。

（2）在比较分析中，职业、受教育程度、居民身体素质、旅游参与形式、旅游脱贫手段这5个变量在影响少数民族旅游区居民返贫风险感知上存在显著差异。具体来讲，职业为旅游基层服务人员的居民返贫风险感知越强；受教育程度越高的居民返贫风险感知越强；家中有1名成员患大病、慢性病或残疾的居民在返贫风险感知上较为敏感；旅游参与形式为个人或家庭自主经营的居民的返贫风险感知更强；采用 “培训旅游相关技能”和“完善扶贫政策”脱贫手段的少数民族居民的返贫风险感知较低。

（3）针对上述研究结论，本文提出发挥政府及企业在帮扶工作中的关键作用、提升少数民族旅游区旅游产品竞争力、重视培养少数民族旅游区居民自主学习意识、进行专业化旅游技能和经济常识培训等建议，以期提升少数民族旅游区居民的可行能力，对少数民族旅游区防返贫工作的有效推进有所裨益。

At present, great progress has been made in consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and effectively connecting them with rural revitalization, and the goal of preventing poverty on the scale has been initially achieved. However, the risk of poverty eradication still exists, and ethnic minority tourism areas are still on the edge of poverty eradication. Poverty is not only reflected in the material dimension, but also in the dimension of residents' self-development ability. The lack of ability is an important factor for minority tourism areas to return to poverty. The capacity poverty theory of Amartya Sen attaches importance to the cultivation of people's feasible ability, which is in line with China's national conditions and has reference significance. Therefore, this paper tries to use the capacity poverty theory of Amartya Sen to solve the problem of poverty return in ethnic tourism areas, so as to improve the efficiency of poverty prevention and promote the effective connection between poverty alleviation achievements and rural revitalization.

Based on the review of previous studies, this paper takes Amartya Sen's theory as the main basis and combines with the poverty alleviation and poverty return status of ethnic minority tourism areas, and selects 23 measurement indicators from four dimensions, namely main status, economic conditions, social opportunities and industrial security, to construct the risk factor measurement index system of poverty return in ethnic minority tourism areas with capacity deficiency. Taking the residents of ethnic minority tourism areas in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province and Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province as the research object, based on 312 survey data of residents' risk perception of returning to poverty, the binary logistics regression model was used to conduct an empirical study on the risk factors of returning to poverty in ethnic minority tourism areas. At the same time, the impact of different demographic characteristics, tourism dependence mode, tourism participation form and tourism poverty alleviation means on the difference of residents' perception of the risk of returning to poverty was compared and analyzed. Finally, the following research conclusions are drawn:

(1) Government and enterprise assistance, tourism product development, independent learning, skill training content, skill training participation, external publicity and property savings are the main risk factors affecting poverty alleviation in ethnic minority tourism areas. Residents of ethnic minority tourism areas have shortcomings in the feasible ability of tourism participation, tourism product development and tourism skills improvement to varying degrees: The independent variable of tourism product development has a negative impact on residents' perception of the risk of returning to poverty, that is, the weaker the residents' ability to develop their own products, the lower the risk of returning to poverty in ethnic minority tourism areas. The other six variables all have a significant positive impact on residents' perception of the risk of returning to poverty in ethnic minority tourism areas, that is, the more serious the absence of government and enterprise assistance, independent learning, skill training content, skill training participation, external publicity and property savings, the stronger the risk of returning to poverty in ethnic minority tourism areas.

(2) In the comparative analysis, occupation, education level, residents' physical fitness, tourism participation forms, and tourism poverty alleviation means have significant differences in affecting the perception of poverty risk of residents in ethnic minority tourism areas. Specifically speaking, the residents who work as grassroots tourism service personnel have a stronger perception of the risk of returning to poverty. The higher the education level, the stronger the perception of the risk of returning to poverty; Residents with one member suffering from serious illness, chronic disease or disability are more sensitive to the risk perception of returning to poverty. Residents who participate in tourism as individuals or families have a stronger perception of the risk of returning to poverty; Ethnic minority residents who adopted "training tourism-related skills" and "improving poverty alleviation policies" had a lower risk perception of returning to poverty.

(3) Based on the above research conclusions, this paper proposes to give play to the key role of the government and enterprises in the work of assistance, improve the competitiveness of tourism products in ethnic minority tourism areas, pay attention to the cultivation of residents' awareness of independent learning, professional tourism skills and economic knowledge training, so as to improve the feasible ability of residents in ethnic minority tourism areas. It is helpful to effectively promote the work of preventing poverty in minority tourism areas.