国际经济与贸易学院知识库

随着全球产业结构不断变化，制造业每个环节都离不开服务要素，“服务型经济”地位日渐提升。我国是世界上最早实施服务业发展战略的国家之一，但与发达国家相比还存在着明显差距。因此，加快推进服务产业转型升级，提升服务竞争力成为新时期摆在我们面前的重要课题。投入服务化是服务要素占制造业总投入比重持续增加的动态过程，《中国制造2025》指出服务化能够实现产业结构优化，促进制造业转型升级，也是影响一国的国际竞争力进而影响其全球价值链地位的关键因素。当前，全球价值链由发达国家主导，主要原因之一就是它在制造服务方面处在领先地位。随着国际分工的进一步深化，通过提高投入服务化的方式推动全球价值链地位的攀升，是国家实现高质量发展的重要途径之一。

装备制造业作为国民经济的基础型产业，在任何发达的工业体系中都处于中枢位置，有着产业关联度大、技术资金集中的特点，为经济增长提供了产业支撑。相对于世界装备制造业大国而言，多年来迅速发展起来的中国装备制造业，从规模上看已经具备了显著的优势，但是质量还明显处于基础薄弱状态，核心技术、基础零部件配套和自主创新能力等方面与国际先进水平相比有较大差距和不足，在全球价值链上仍处于中低端是一个不争的事实。在百年未有之大变局和我国新发展格局下，装备制造业的高质量发展成为中国经济高质量发展的重点领域，提升装备制造业的全球价值链的地位已成为我国当前迫切需要解决的重大课题。

当前学术界关于投入服务化对装备制造业全球价值链地位的研究较少，尤其是区分国内外服务投入来源的影响有待进一步探究。在此背景下，本文针对我国的装备制造业，展开了投入服务化对其全球价值链地位的影响研究。首先，本文对国内外有关投入服务化与装备制造业全球价值链地位的研究成果进行了梳理和归纳评述；基于对产业关联理论、服务化理论、国际分工理论、全球价值链微笑曲线理论与全球价值链升级理论相关理论的阐述，总结出投入服务化对装备制造业全球价值链的影响机制并提出三个假设：一是投入服务化能够提升装备制造业的全球价值链地位；二是当服务投入的来源不同时，对装备制造业全球价值链地位的影响也存在差异性；三是投入服务化通过技术创新对装备制造业的全球价值链地位起到提升作用。其次，本文对我国装备制造业的全球价值链地位以及投入服务化程度进行了现状分析，结果发现我国装备制造业产业规模有不断扩大之势，投入服务化水平也不断提升。接着通过实证分析证实了投入服务化对我国装备制造业存在显著促进作用，通过区分服务投入种类与来源进行异质性分析，结果表明，中高技术服务要素以及国内服务要素的投入都会对我国装备制造业的全球价值链地位提升产生促进作用。同时技术创新存在中介效应。最后，基于理论分析与实证结果，对实现中国装备制造业全球价值链攀升、促进服务型经济发展提出了积极利用服务产业、大力投入高端服务要素、鼓励装备制造行业创新、协调匹配国内外服务投入等政策建议。

With the continuous changes in the global industrial structure, every link of the manufacturing industry is gradually inseparable from the service factor, and the status of the "service oriented economy" is gradually improving. China is one of the earliest countries in the world to implement the service industry development strategy, but there is still a significant gap compared to developed countries. Therefore, accelerating the transformation and upgrading of the service industry and improving service competitiveness have become an important topic before us in the new era. "Made in China 2025" clearly points out that the service-oriented manufacturing industry can optimize the industrial structure and promote the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry, which will be one of the important development directions in the future. Input service refers to a dynamic process in which the proportion of service elements in total manufacturing investment continues to increase. It is a key factor affecting the high-end development of the manufacturing industry, affecting a country's international competitiveness and thus its global value chain position. Currently, the global value chain is dominated by developed countries, one of the main reasons being its leading position in manufacturing services. With the further deepening of the international division of labor, promoting the further rise of the global value chain position through improving the service-oriented input is one of the important ways for countries to achieve high-quality development.

As a basic industry, equipment manufacturing industry is in a central position in any developed industrial system, characterized by high industrial relevance and concentration of technology and funds, providing industrial support for economic growth. Compared to the major equipment manufacturing industry in the world, China's equipment manufacturing industry, which has developed rapidly over the years, has already possessed significant advantages in terms of scale, but its quality is still clearly in a weak foundation. Compared with the international advanced level, there are significant gaps and shortcomings in core technology, basic component matching, and independent innovation capabilities. It is an indisputable fact that China's equipment manufacturing industry is still at the middle and low end of the global value chain. In the context of unprecedented changes in a century and China's new development pattern, high-quality development of the equipment manufacturing industry is a key area for high-quality development of China's economy. Improving the position of the equipment manufacturing industry in the global value chain has become a major issue that China urgently needs to address at present.

Currently, there is little research on the impact of input serviceability on the global value chain position of equipment manufacturing industry in the academic community, especially the impact of distinguishing between domestic and foreign service input sources needs to be further explored. In this context, this article focuses on the impact of input serviceability on the global value and position of China's equipment manufacturing industry. Firstly, this paper summarizes and comments on the research results at home and abroad on the relationship between input serviceability and the position of the equipment manufacturing industry in the global value chain; Based on a review of industrial relevance theory, service-oriented theory, international division of labor theory, global value chain smile curve theory, and global value chain upgrading theory, this paper summarizes the impact mechanism and proposes three assumptions: first, investment in service-oriented technology can enhance the position of the equipment manufacturing industry in the global value chain; Secondly, when the sources of service inputs are different, there are differences in the impact on the global value and position of the equipment manufacturing industry; Third, investment in service can enhance the position of the equipment manufacturing industry in the global value chain through technological innovation. Secondly, this article analyzes the status of China's equipment manufacturing industry in the global value chain and the degree of input service. The results show that the scale of China's equipment manufacturing industry is expanding and the level of input service is also increasing. This article also confirms through empirical analysis that input serviceability has a significant promoting effect on China's equipment manufacturing industry. At the same time, a heterogeneity analysis is conducted by distinguishing the types and sources of service inputs. The results show that both the input of medium and high technology service elements and domestic service elements will promote the upgrading of China's equipment manufacturing industry in the global value chain.

Service investment and domestic investment services have a significant role in enhancing the position of China's equipment manufacturing industry in the value chain. Finally, from the perspective of service-oriented investment, this article puts forward policy recommendations for achieving the global value chain climb of China's equipment manufacturing industry, promoting the development of a service-oriented economy, actively utilizing the service industry, vigorously investing in high-end service elements, encouraging innovation in the equipment manufacturing industry, and coordinating and matching domestic and foreign service investment.