会计学院知识库

ESG是英文单词Environmental（环境）、Social（社会）和Governance（治理）的缩写，首次出现在联合国于2004年6月发布的《全球契约》当中，在欧美等发达国家已积极实践履行，具体表明企业在环境、社会、治理三个层面所履行的责任。ESG是衡量企业社会责任履行效果的工具，是一种综合、全面的治理方式。随着社会经济的不断发展，企业为了在竞争激烈的市场中谋求生存与自身发展的合法性，开始逐步披露ESG信息，并就环境、社会和公司治理等方面的表现进行综合评价。2018年，A股上市公司主动对ESG治理及信息进行披露，并进行 ESG综合评价，进一步提升了自身的ESG绩效。但我国ESG绩效评价发展起步较晚，整体评级落后于国际平均水平，亟待加强环境、社会、治理的综合评价。

然而，对于关系民生大计的医药行业，缺乏能统一度量ESG绩效的行业标准，医药企业ESG信息披露指标不统一，绩效评价体系不具有针对性。新冠肺炎疫情期间，诸如劣质口罩、违规药品的医药企业负面事件频发，带来消极的社会影响。由此可见，我国迫切需要建立一套符合国情与行业特色的评价体系从而提高企业对ESG的认识，提升企业ESG管理水平。

因此，本文依托利益相关者等理论，采用案例研究及文献分析法，通过借鉴国内外主流机构的一般做法，运用AHP-熵权法和模糊综合评价法构建医药行业ESG绩效评价体系。之后，选取连续14年发布社会责任报告的“复星医药”作为案例企业，对所构建的医药行业ESG绩效评价体系的适用性加以验证。结果表明：复星医药的ESG绩效综合评级在BB-A级之间，环境评分有所下降，应当加强环境治理；疫情期间贡献与乡村振兴贡献度评分上升，说明企业积极履行社会责任；党组织建设的披露使得企业的治理指标评分较高。同时，通过对结果进行分析，有助于医药企业尽快提升对 ESG 的认知，从不同层面对ESG绩效进行优化，从而促进企业的可持续发展。

ESG is the abbreviation of the English words Environmental, Social and Governance, which first appeared in the Global Compact issued by the United Nations in June 2004, and has been actively practiced in developed countries such as Europe and the United States, specifically indicating the responsibilities of enterprises at the three levels of environment, social and governance. ESG is a tool to measure the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility fulfillment, and it is a comprehensive and comprehensive governance method. With the continuous development of the social economy, in order to seek survival and legitimacy for their own development in the highly competitive market, enterprises have begun to gradually disclose ESG information and comprehensively evaluate their environmental, social and corporate governance performance. In 2018, A-share listed companies took the initiative to disclose ESG governance and information, further improving their ESG performance. However, the development of ESG performance evaluation in China started late, and the overall rating lagged behind the international average, and it is urgent to strengthen the comprehensive evaluation of environmental, social and governance.

However, for the pharmaceutical industry, which is related to people's livelihood, there is a lack of industry standards that can uniformly measure ESG performance, the ESG information disclosure indicators of pharmaceutical enterprises are not uniform, and the performance evaluation system is not targeted. During the new crown pneumonia epidemic, negative incidents of pharmaceutical companies such as inferior masks and illegal drugs have occurred frequently, bringing negative social impact. It can be seen that China urgently needs to establish a set of evaluation systems that conform to national conditions and industry characteristics, so as to improve enterprises' understanding of ESG and improve their ESG management level.

Relying on stakeholder and other theories，this paper uses case studies and literature analysis methods, and uses AHP-entropy weight method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to construct an ESG performance evaluation system in the pharmaceutical industry by drawing on the general practices of mainstream institutions at home and abroad. After that, Fosun Pharma, which has published its social responsibility report for 14 consecutive years, was selected as a case enterprise to verify the applicability of the ESG performance evaluation system in the pharmaceutical industry. The results show that Fosun Pharma's ESG performance comprehensive rating is between BB-A and its environmental score has decreased, and environmental governance should be strengthened. During the epidemic, the contribution score of contribution and rural revitalization increased, indicating that enterprises actively fulfilled their social responsibilities. The disclosure of party organization construction makes the governance index of enterprises score high. At the same time, by analyzing the results, it will help pharmaceutical companies improve their understanding of ESG as soon as possible, optimize ESG performance from different levels, and promote the sustainable development of enterprises.