金融学院知识库

        改革开放以来，我国农村经济发展迅速，但与城镇比较，农村居民人均收入 增速仍然较低，城镇地区与农村地区收入差距仍然较大。这种情况是困扰我国经 济发展不平衡的重要因素。伴随着数字技术的出现，数字普惠金融的兴起，为切 实缩小城乡收入差距提供全新视角。数字金融通过电子商务和社交网络扩大传播 面，在实现广覆盖的基础上提供信息技术金融服务，自下而上的服务方式使其接 触到了以往被传统金融排斥的客户群体，因而具有天生普惠的性质。数字普惠金 融主要面向受传统金融排斥低收入的弱势群体，农民也被包括在内，因此减小城 乡收入差距是数字普惠金融的主要目标。既然如此，本文就从数字普惠金融的发 展对城乡收入差距的影响进行讨论。

  首先整理国内外学者对城乡收入差距因素的有关文献；对城乡收入差距相关 理论和现状进行分析；剖析数字化经济对城乡居民收入的作用机理和相关影响机 制，并据此提出假设分析，其次对所提假设进行实证研究；从互联网金融服务视 角切入，经数据得出我国 31 个省市自治区的泰尔指数作为被解释变量衡量城乡 收入差距，紧接着分别从全国层面、不同地区层面检验城乡收入差距随普惠金融 和数字普惠金融发展会产生怎样的变化进行对比分析，然后将数字普惠金融指数 变换成其分维度指数再次进行实证回归研究。最后发现：从全国视角看，普惠金 融对缩小城乡收入差距的作用微乎其微，数字普惠金融的发展对城乡收入差距收 敛作用显著；从分区域视角看，普惠金融只对中部地区的城乡收入差距缩小有强 势收敛作用，东西部地区作用不明显，而数字普惠金融发展可以对东中西部地区 城乡收入差距起抑制作用，但影响大小不同，存在区域异质性差异；分维度视角 看，普惠金融发展不会缩小城乡收入差距，构成数字普惠金融的三大不同维度指 标对城乡收入差距都表现出一定的收敛效果，其中覆盖广度收敛效果最为显著， 然后是使用深度，最后才是数字化程度。

        Since  the  reform  and  opening  up,  China's  rural  economy  has developed rapidly, but compared to urban areas, the per capita income growth rate of rural residents is still relatively low, and the income gap between urban and rural areas is still large. This situation is an important factor that hinders the uneven development of China's economy. With the emergence of digital technology and the rise of digital inclusive finance, a new perspective has been provided to effectively narrow the urban-rural income   gap.   Digital   finance   expands   its   dissemination   through e-commerce  and  social  networks,  providing  information  technology financial services on the basis of achieving wide coverage. The bottom-up service approach allows it to reach customer groups that were previously excluded  by  traditional  finance,  thus  possessing  a  naturally  inclusive nature. Digital inclusive finance mainly targets low-income vulnerable groups  excluded  by  traditional  finance,  including  farmers.  Therefore, reducing the urban-rural income gap is the main goal of digital inclusive finance.  In  that  case,  this  article  will  discuss  the  impact  of  the development of digital inclusive finance on the urban-rural income gap.

        Firstly,  organize  relevant  literature  from  domestic  and  foreign scholars on the factors of urban-rural income gap; Analyze the relevant theories  and  current  situation  of urban-rural income  gap; Analyze the mechanism and related impact of digital economy on the income of urban and  rural  residents,  and  propose  hypothesis  analysis  based  on  this. Secondly, conduct empirical research on the proposed hypothesis; From the  perspective  of  internet  financial  services,  the  Taier  index  of  31 provinces, cities, and autonomous regions in China was obtained as the explanatory variable to measure the urban-rural income gap. Then, the changes in urban-rural income gap with the development of inclusive finance and digital inclusive finance were compared and analyzed at the national and regional levels. Then, the digital inclusive finance index was transformed into its sub dimension index for empirical regression analysis. Finally, it was found that from a national perspective, inclusive finance has  little  effect  on  narrowing  the  urban-rural  income  gap,  while  the development  of  digital  inclusive  finance  has  a  significant  effect  on narrowing  the  urban-rural  income  gap;  From  a  regional  perspective, inclusive finance only has a strong convergence effect on narrowing the urban-rural income gap in the  central region, and the  effect is not significant in the eastern and western regions. However, the development of digital inclusive finance can suppress the urban-rural income gap in the eastern, central, and western regions, but the impact varies in magnitude and there are regional heterogeneity differences; From a multidimensional perspective, the development of inclusive finance will not narrow the urban-rural income gap. The three different dimensional indicators that  constitute digital inclusive finance have shown certain convergence effects on the urban-rural income gap, with coverage breadth convergence being the most significant, followed by depth of use, and finally the degree of digitization.