统计与数据科学学院知识库

近年来，新型基础设施建设已成为国家重点战略发展方向之一。习近平总书记强调：“当今世界，信息技术创新日新月异，数字化、网络化、智能化深入发展，在推动经济社会发展、促进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化、满足人们日益增长的美好生活需要方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。”随着新型基础设施建设投资规模的进一步扩大，5G、人工智能等新型基础设施已走进大众生活，与居民的幸福感息息相关。因此，探究新型基础设施建设水平，系统分析其现状，考察其演变趋势，明确新型基础设施建设对居民幸福感的影响因素及影响机制，对加快建设新型基础设施建设，增强居民幸福感、获得感和安全感具有重要的意义。

在此背景下，从新型基础设施建设定义出发，选取21项指标构建指标体系量化新型基础设施建设水平，并通过描述性统计分析、核密度估计等方法分析新型基础设施水平现状；基于中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）2014-2020年数据，量化居民幸福感水平，并分城乡、区域进行描述性统计分析；使用Ordered Logit模型进行新基建水平对居民幸福感水平影响的回归分析，使用两阶段最小二乘法研究可能存在的内生性，并对结果进行稳健性检验和异质性分析；进一步分析并验证新基建水平通过经济水平、社会公平、消费水平、政府公共服务和互联网使用影响居民幸福感的作用路径。

研究结果表明：全国新型基础设施建设水平呈整体上升趋势，各省份、各区域存在差异和多极化现象，且多级分化现象逐渐减弱，总体发展态势良好；2014-2020年，全国各区域和城乡之间居民幸福感水平普遍偏高，呈现由东向西逐年上升趋势，上升幅度逐渐递减；新基建水平对居民幸福感具有显著的正向影响，其中，对女性居民影响大于男性居民，对居民自评社会地位非常高的群体影响大于自评社会地位一般的群体，对青年群体的影响正向显著；经济水平、社会公平、消费水平、政府公共服务和互联网使用是影响新基建水平对居民幸福感的主要因素，新基建水平可以通过以上途径对居民幸福感产生影响。提高居民幸福感，需要政府进一步扩大新基建的发展，加快数字化建设，缩小城乡建设差距。

In recent years, new infrastructure construction has become one of the national key strategic development directions. General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized: "In today's world, information technology innovation is changing with each passing day, digitalization, networking and intelligence are developing in depth, and it is playing an increasingly important role in promoting economic and social development, modernizing the national governance system and governance capacity, and meeting people's growing needs for a better life." With the further expansion of investment in new infrastructure construction, new infrastructure such as 5G and artificial intelligence has entered the public life and is closely related to residents' happiness. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore and quantify the construction level of new infrastructure and residents' happiness level, systematically analyze its current situation, investigate its evolution trend, and clarify the influencing factors and influencing mechanism of new infrastructure construction on residents' happiness, to accelerate the construction of new infrastructure and to enhance residents' happiness, sense of gain and safety.

In this context, starting from the definition of new infrastructure construction, 21 indicators were selected to build an index system to quantify the level of new infrastructure construction, and the status quo of new infrastructure construction was analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis and kernel density estimation. Based on the data of China Household Tracking Survey (CFPS) from 2014 to 2020, the happiness level of residents was quantified, and descriptive statistical analysis was conducted by urban and rural areas and regions. Ordered Logit model was used to conduct regression analysis of the effect of new infrastructure level on residents' happiness level. The possible endogeneity was studied by using two-stage least square method, and the results were tested for robustness and heterogeneity. Analyze whether economic level, social equity, consumption level, government public service and Internet use can be used as channels for the new infrastructure level to affect residents' happiness.

The results show that the level of new infrastructure construction is different in the whole country, provinces and regions, and the phenomenon of multilevel differentiation is weakening, and the development trend is good. In the four years from 2014 to 2020, residents' happiness level was generally high, and the proportion of residents' happiness level was high among all regions and between urban and rural areas, showing a gradually decreasing trend from east to west. The level of new infrastructure has a significant positive impact on residents' happiness. Among them, the impact on female residents is greater than that on male residents, the impact on residents' self-rated social status is greater than normal, and the impact on young people is greater than that on middle-aged and elderly people. Economic level, social equity, consumption level, government public service and Internet use are the main factors that affect the new infrastructure level on residents' happiness. The new infrastructure level can have an impact on residents' happiness through the above ways. To improve residents' happiness, the government needs to further expand the development of new infrastructure, accelerate digital construction and narrow the gap between urban and rural construction.