金融学院知识库

摘 要

2005年普惠金融理念正式问世，此后在联合国的助推下，世界多地开展新型金融模式探索。实践表明，发展普惠金融有助于提升地区金融服务的获得度、使用度以及满意度，从而达到减缓贫困、改善民生、促进经济的效用。2015年我国发布《推进普惠金融发展规划（2016-2020年）》将普惠金融提升到国家战略层面，在国家积极推动普惠金融的大环境下，党的十九大报告提出乡村振兴战略，乡村振兴作为国家的重大战略工程，其投入的资金规模庞大，在发展中既要依靠财政资金的保障，更需要金融资源的倾斜。普惠金融作为一种更加公平和高效的分配资源方法，能够有效的解决乡村振兴中对资金的需求问题。中共中央、国务院在多个会议和政策文件中提出要加大金融支持乡村振兴力度的要求，并在实践中进行不懈探索。另外在现有研究中鲜有针对县域普惠金融赋能乡村振兴案例的相关研究，研究普惠金融赋能乡村振兴的实践路径和制约因素，能够为其他地区利用普惠金融赋能乡村振兴提供发展思路和示范引领，因此对普惠金融赋能乡村振兴的案例进行研究具有十足的必要性。

本文以我国首个国家级普惠金融改革试验区河南省兰考县为研究对象进行深入剖析，自2016年12月试验区申报成功，经过不断尝试和创新，兰考县的普惠金融发展取得了一定的成效，各项经济指标向好，但是在发展的过程中也出现一些问题亟待解决，因此，厘清兰考县普惠金融赋能乡村振兴的体制机制和实践路径，深入剖析其发展的制约因素，具有较强的现实意义。本文采用文献分析法、案例分析法和数据分析法，参阅国内外相关文献并梳理了普惠金融与乡村振兴的相关理论，结合案例介绍对兰考县普惠金融赋能乡村振兴过程中存在的问题进行探究和原因分析，最终得出普惠金融顶层设计不完善、金融机构驱动力不足、多元主体信用协同治理效果不佳和普惠金融数字创新的挑战都会制约普惠金融赋能乡村振兴的发展。通过案例分析，本文建议为：加快普惠金融立法进程、建立有效的信用协同治理体系、扎实推进数字普惠进程和提升农村居民金融素养。

关键词：普惠金融 乡村振兴 兰考模式 数字化 信用体系

Abstract

In 2005, the concept of Financial inclusion was officially launched. Since then, with the help of the United Nations, many places in the world have carried out the exploration of new financial models. Practice shows that the development of Financial inclusion helps to improve the access, use and satisfaction of regional financial services, so as to reduce poverty, improve people's livelihood and promote the economy.In 2015, China issued the Development Plan for Promoting Financial inclusion (2016-2020), which raised Financial inclusion to the national strategic level.Under the general environment of the country actively promoting Financial inclusion, the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed the strategy of rural revitalization. As a major Grand strategy project of the country, rural revitalization has a large amount of funds invested. In the development, we need not only to rely on the protection of financial funds, but also the tilt of financial resources. Financial inclusion, as a more equitable and efficient method of allocating resources, can effectively address the demand for funds in rural revitalization.The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have proposed in multiple meetings and policy documents to increase financial support for rural revitalization, and have tirelessly explored it in practice. In addition, there are few relevant studies on the county Financial inclusion enabled rural revitalization cases in the existing studies. Studying the practice path and constraints of Financial inclusion enabled rural revitalization can provide development ideas and demonstration guidance for other regions to use Financial inclusion to enable rural revitalization. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to study the case of Financial inclusion enabled rural revitalization.

This paper takes Lankao County, Henan Province, the first national level Financial inclusion reform pilot area in China as the research object for in-depth analysis. Since the pilot area was successfully declared in December 2016, through continuous trial and innovation, the development of Financial inclusion in Lankao County has achieved certain results, and various economic indicators are improving, but there are also some problems to be solved in the development process. Therefore, It is of great practical significance to clarify the system mechanism and practice path of Financial inclusion enabling rural revitalization in Lankao County, and deeply analyze the constraints of its development. This paper uses the literature analysis method, case analysis method and data analysis method, refers to the relevant literature at home and abroad and combs the relevant theories of Financial inclusion and rural revitalization, combines the case introduction to explore and analyze the problems existing in the process of Lankao County Financial inclusion empowering rural revitalization, and finally comes to the conclusion that the top-level design of Financial inclusion is not perfect, the driving force of financial institutions is insufficient The poor effect of multi entity credit collaborative governance and the challenge of Financial inclusion digital innovation will restrict the development of Financial inclusion enabling rural revitalization. Through case analysis, this paper proposes to accelerate the legislative process of Financial inclusion, establish an effective credit collaborative governance system, solidly promote the digital inclusive process and improve the financial literacy of rural residents.

Key words: Inclusive finance; Rural revitalization; Lankao mode; Digitalize; Credit system