经济学院知识库

目前，我国面临着复杂严峻的国内外形势，外部风险因素增加，内部经济发展环境的复杂性和不确定性加大，既有重大的战略机遇，又有诸多矛盾和挑战，严峻的宏观发展环境要求我国实体经济企业增强适应不利形势的能力并进行转型升级。近年来，受资源、原材料以及劳动力等生产要素成本持续上涨的影响，我国企业利润空间缩小、发展活力减弱，面临较大的发展压力。我国社会保险法规定，用人单位和劳动者必须依法参加社会保险、缴纳社会保险费，而用人单位实际上承担着绝大部分社会保险费用，深刻影响着企业的利润与效益。我国社会保险缴费率较高的问题引起了社会各界的广泛关注，从2015年开始，政府不断出台下调社保费率的政策。在当前经济下行压力加大的情况下,降低社会保险缴费率是降低企业成本的一项重要举措。

社会保险费率与企业的经营发展之间存在着什么样的关系，值得我们进行深入研究。学术界多研究社会保险缴费率对劳动力就业、员工工资、投资创新活动等方面产生的影响，总体看来，社会保险缴费率对企业产生的影响最终体现为对企业绩效的影响，但学者较少从该视角探究社会保险缴费率对绩效水平的影响。基于此，本文运用我国2014-2020年A股上市公司的财务数据，实证研究实际社会保险缴费率对企业绩效水平的影响，研究结果如下：（1）实际社会保险缴费率对企业绩效在1%的水平上负向显著，说明提高实际社会保险缴费率会降低企业的绩效水平；（2）进一步分析发现，该负向影响在中西部地区企业、资本密集型企业、国有企业中更显著。最后，基于协调多方主体关系的角度，本文提出了合理制定社会保险缴费率、建立社会保险基金多元筹资机制、完善社保降费制度保障以及多途径促进企业增收减支等对策。

本文的研究内容有利于政府厘清社会保险缴费率与企业绩效之间的关系，客观评价社会保险降费政策实施的微观效应，制定合理的社会保险缴费率；有利于减轻企业社保负担，提升绩效水平，最终增强我国经济发展的质量和效益。

At present, China is facing a complex and severe domestic and international situation, with an increase in external risk factors and an increase in the complexity and uncertainty of the internal economic development environment. There are significant strategic opportunities, as well as many contradictions and challenges. The severe macro development environment requires China's real economy enterprises to enhance their ability to adapt to unfavorable situations and undergo transformation and upgrading. In recent years, due to the continuous increase in production factor costs such as resources, raw materials, and labor, Chinese enterprises have reduced their profit margins and weakened their development vitality, facing significant development pressure. According to the Social Insurance Law of our country, employers and workers must participate in social insurance and pay social insurance premiums in accordance with the law. In fact, employers bear the vast majority of social insurance costs, which deeply affects the profits and benefits of enterprises. The issue of high social insurance contribution rates in China has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society. Since 2015, the government has continuously introduced policies to lower social insurance rates. In the current context of increasing downward pressure on the economy, reducing the social insurance contribution rate is an important measure to reduce corporate costs.

What is the relationship between social insurance rates and the business development of enterprises? It is worth conducting in-depth research. The academic community has conducted extensive research on the impact of social insurance contribution rates on labor employment, employee wages, investment and innovation activities. Overall, the impact of social insurance contribution rates on enterprises is ultimately reflected in their impact on corporate performance. However, scholars have rarely explored the impact of social insurance contribution rates on performance levels from this perspective. Based on this, this article uses financial data of A-share listed companies in China from 2014 to 2020 to empirically study the impact of actual social insurance contribution rate on corporate performance level. The research results are as follows: (1) the actual social insurance contribution rate has a significant negative impact on corporate performance at the 1% level, indicating that increasing the actual social insurance contribution rate will reduce the performance level of enterprises; (2) further analysis found that the negative impact is more significant in enterprises of the central and western regions, capital intensive enterprises, and state-owned enterprises. Finally, from the perspective of coordinating the relationship between multiple parties, this article proposes strategies such as reasonably setting the social insurance contribution rate, establishing a diversified financing mechanism for social insurance funds, improving the guarantee of social insurance fee reduction system, and promoting enterprise income and expenditure reduction through multiple channels.

The research content of this article is beneficial for the government to clarify the relationship between social insurance contribution rates and corporate performance, objectively evaluate the micro effects of implementing social insurance reduction policies, and formulate reasonable social insurance contribution rates; It is beneficial for reducing the burden of corporate social security, improving performance levels, and ultimately enhancing the quality and efficiency of China's economic development.