经济学院知识库

进入“十四五”时期，我国经济进入了以人为核心的高质量发展阶段。在乡村振兴与城乡融合的背景下，新型城镇化战略的有效实施是实现共同富裕的重要途径，有利于我国形成高质量发展的城乡体系。目前，我国新型城镇化建设取得了明显成效，新型城镇化已经成为推进共同富裕的有力支撑，通过新型城镇化促进共同富裕对于实现经济高质量发展具有重要意义。

本文梳理了新型城镇化与共同富裕的相关研究文献，从人口、经济、空间、生态等维度构建新型城镇化指标体系，从城市居民人均可支配收入、农村居民人均可支配收入、城乡居民收入差距、地区间居民收入差距这四个角度分析共同富裕。选取2001—2021年我国284个地级市的面板数据，运用熵值法计算新型城镇化指数。采用OLS模型、随机效应模型、固定效应模型，分析了全国以及东部、中部、西部、东北地区、经济发达地区、次发达地区、欠发达地区新型城镇化对共同富裕的影响，并分析社会消费品零售总额、医院卫生院床位数、高等学校在校学生数等控制变量对共同富裕的影响程度。结果表明：（1）新型城镇化对我国城乡居民人均可支配收入的正向促进作用非常显著，影响系数分别为0.597和0.782；新型城镇化对我国城乡和地区间居民收入差距的抑制作用显著，影响系数分别为-0.134和-0.350。（2）从异质性进行分析，新型城镇化有利于提升我国东部、中部、西部、东北地区城乡居民收入水平，促进我国发达、次发达、不发达地区城乡居民收入水平的提升，但提升程度存在区域差异。新型城镇化有利于西部地区城乡居民收入差距的缩小，促进东北地区间居民收入差距的缩小，带动经济次发达、不发达地区城乡和地区间居民收入差距缩小；不利于我国东部和中部地区的城乡和地区间居民收入差距缩小，导致经济发达地区城乡和地区间居民收入差距扩大。（3）产业结构对新型城镇化与共同富裕的关系具有调节作用，其加强了新型城镇化对共同富裕的影响程度。

根据上述结论，本文提出如下对策建议：加大人力资本投资，促进人力资本流动；合理配置要素资源，实现产业结构升级；改善就业环境，增加创业机会；鼓励居民消费，加大环保投入；推进基础设施一体化，实现公共服务均等化。

Entering the "14th Five Year Plan" period, China's economy has entered a high-quality development stage with a human core. In the context of rural revitalization and urban-rural integration, the effective implementation of the new urbanization strategy is an important way to achieve common prosperity, which is conducive to the formation of a high-quality urban and rural development system in China. At present, China's new urbanization construction has achieved significant results, and it has become a strong support for promoting common prosperity. Promoting common prosperity through new urbanization is of great significance for achieving high-quality economic development.

This paper reviews the relevant research literature on new urbanization and common prosperity, constructs a new urbanization indicator system from the dimensions of population, economy, space, and ecology, and analyzes common prosperity from four perspectives: urban per capita disposable income, rural per capita disposable income, urban-rural income gap, and regional income gap. Using panel data from 284 prefecture-level cities in China from 2001 to 2021, the entropy method was used to calculate the new urbanization index. The OLS model, random effect model, and fixed effect model were used to analyze the impact of new urbanization on common prosperity across the country, as well as in the eastern, central, western, northeastern, economically developed, less developed and underdeveloped regions, analyzing the impact of control variables such as total retail sales of consumer goods, number of beds in hospitals, and number of students in colleges and universities on common prosperity. The results show that: (1) New urbanization has a significant positive impact on the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents in China, with impact coefficients of 0.597 and 0.782, respectively; The new urbanization has a significant inhibitory effect on the income gap between urban and rural areas and between regions in China, with impact coefficients of -0.134 and -0.350, respectively. (2) From the perspective of heterogeneity, new urbanization is conducive to improving the income level of urban and rural residents in the eastern, central, western, and northeast regions of China, and promoting the income level of urban and rural residents in developed, sub developed, and underdeveloped regions of China. However, there are regional differences in the degree of improvement. The new type of urbanization is conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents in the western region, promoting the narrowing of the income gap between residents in the northeast region, and driving the narrowing of the income gap between urban and rural residents and between regions in less developed and underdeveloped regions; It is not conducive to the narrowing of the income gap between urban and rural residents and between regions in the eastern and central regions of China, leading to the widening of the income gap between urban and rural residents and between regions in economically developed regions. (3) Industrial structure plays a regulatory role in the relationship between new urbanization and common prosperity, which strengthens the impact of new urbanization on common prosperity.

Based on the above conclusions, this article proposes the following countermeasures and suggestions: Increase investment in human capital and promote the flow of human capital; Reasonably allocate factor resources to achieve industrial structure upgrading; Improve the employment environment and increase entrepreneurial opportunities; Encourage residents to consume and increase investment in environmental protection; Promote infrastructure integration and achieve equalization of public services.