金融学院知识库

互联网银行是一种利用互联网技术提供线上金融服务的金融机构，致力于为小微企业、个人消费者和农户等“长尾客户”群体提供优质的金融服务。互联网银行通过提供个性化的产品和服务，为实体经济发展提供支持，并在金融体系中发挥着重要作用。随着互联网银行的发展，它们面临着越来越多的挑战，包括合规化管理问题、资金来源渠道不稳定、创新型存款产品被叫停等限制性措施，这些都给互联网银行的经营带来了巨大压力，而传统商业银行也在积极转型，以应对日益激烈的竞争。因此，对互联网银行的经营效率的影响因素进行分析，以研究如何提高互联网银行的经营效率很有必要性。

本文首先从概念上深入探讨了互联网银行的基本情况，详细描述了它们的建立过程、运营现状，并阐述存在的问题，同时也提出了一些可能会影响互联网银行经营效率的因素。评估2018年-2021年互联网银行的经营效率时，本文采用DEA法，结合综合效率的评估结果，以及定性分析部分提出的影响因素，对这些因素进行了详细的分析，最终得出了一些有助于改善互联网银行经营效率的有效指标。构建TOBIT模型并对其稳定性进行检验。

实证结果显示：（1）互联网银行整体运行效率较高，虽然其效率表现不够均衡，但仍然能保持上升趋势。（2）TOBIT模型表明，资产收益率、资产规模、资产费用率、资本充足率、GDP增长率等指标都与互联网银行的运营效率正相关，非利息收入占比和存贷比没有达到显著性水平。整体模型通过了稳定性检验。

根据实证得出的影响互联网银行经营效的因素，更有针对性地提出提高互联网银行经营效率的对策建议，针对互联网银行层面：（1）加强内部控制明确股权结构，（2）发挥科技优势加强与传统银行紧密合作，（3）深化业务创新提高盈利能力，（4）扩大资产规模提高资产配置能力；针对监管层面：（1）制定与互联网银行相匹配的监管原则，（2）构建与互联网银行相适应的风险防控体系，（3）适度放宽账户限制营造公平竞争环境。

Relying on Internet technology, Internet banks carry out banking business purely online and are dedicated to serving "long-tail customers" such as small and micro enterprises, individual consumers and farmers, playing an important role in the development of inclusive finance. Internet banks provide personalized products and services to long-tail customers, which has positive significance in promoting the development of China's real economy and has become a useful supplement to China's financial system. Internet banks also face challenges in the process of continuous operation, with compliance management issues, lack of stability in funding channels, and restrictive measures such as the suspension of innovative deposit products of Internet banks putting pressure on the operation of Internet banks, while the active transformation of traditional commercial banks has also increased the competitive pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the factors influencing the operational efficiency of Internet banks in order to study how to improve the operational efficiency of Internet banks.

This paper first provides a comprehensive overview of Internet banks from a conceptual point of view, and by describing the establishment history and current operation status of Internet banks, we find out the existing problems and propose the factors that may affect the operational efficiency of Internet banks. In the empirical study, the DEA method is first used to evaluate the operating efficiency of eight Internet banks from 2018-2021, and the TOBIT model is constructed and tested for stability by combining the evaluation results of the comprehensive efficiency and the specific indicators of the influencing factors proposed in the qualitative analysis section as explanatory variables.

The empirical results show that (1) the overall performance of technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency of China's Internet banks in 2018-2021 is good, showing an increasing trend, but there is an imbalance in the efficiency values among Internet banks. (2) Through the TOBIT model regression analysis of influencing factors, return on assets, total assets, asset expense ratio, capital adequacy ratio, and GDP growth rate are significantly and positively correlated with the operating efficiency of Internet banks, and pass the stability test.

Based on the factors affecting the operational efficiency of Internet banks derived from the empirical evidence, more targeted countermeasure suggestions to improve the operational efficiency of Internet banks are proposed for the Internet bank level: (1) strengthening internal control and compliance prudent management, (2) strengthening close cooperation with traditional banks, (3) deepening business innovation to improve profitability, and (4) expanding asset scale to reasonably allocate industrial structure; for the regulatory level: (1) formulate regulatory principles that match Internet banks, (2) build a risk control mechanism that is compatible with Internet banks, and (3) moderately relax account restrictions to create a level playing field.