法学院知识库

中国拥有全球最大的互联网市场，其独特的数据优势为经济发展提供了强大的推动力，使得平台经济成为中国经济发展的新动能。伴随着我国互联网的快速发展，互联网平台间的竞争愈发激烈。阿里巴巴以及美团因为滥用市场支配地位被监管部门处以巨额罚款，引发了理论界和实务界对互联网平台滥用市场支配地位的极大关注。滥用市场支配地位的行为侵犯其他竞争者合法权益，侵害消费者权益，危害竞争，严重扰乱市场竞争秩序。作为时代新产物的互联网平台经济，有其区别于传统经济模式的特点，给反垄断的规制带来了新的挑战。

在当前加强反垄断工作和防范资本无序扩张的重大政策背景下，2019年，国家市场监督管理总局发布《禁止滥用市场支配地位行为暂行规定》，对“预防和制止滥用市场支配地位行为”等具体内容进行了明确界定。2020年，《〈反垄断法〉修订草案（公开征求意见稿）》发布，这是官方第一次公开向公众征求对《反垄断法》的修订建议，以此来加强市场监管，保护互联网市场公平竞争。同年2月，国家市场监督管理总局正式发布并实施了《关于平台经济领域的反垄断指南》，对平台经济领域范围的垄断行为进行规制，以推动平台经济的有序发展。2022年6月24日，全国人大常委会正式通过修撰的《中华人民共和国反垄断法》，进一步明确了互联网平台滥用市场支配地位的反垄断规制框架。

本文从主要对互联网平台滥用市场支配地位的基本理论知识入手；梳理了互联网滥用市场支配地位的概念和特征。对我国规制互联网平台滥用市场支配地位的立法现状进行剖析，认为在相关市场界定、市场支配地位的认定以及滥用市场支配地位行为认定存在不足。结合域外先进国家的立法经验，建议在规制互联网平台滥用市场支配地位方面，坚持包容审慎的预防性规制理念，坚持和完善反垄断法律规制框架。在相关市场的界定标准中，在商品和地域市场的基础上加入时间市场作为界定标准。关于市场支配地位的判定标准方面，在考虑市场份额的同时应该加入综合性认定标准。为互联网平台滥用市场支配地位制度的完善提供思路。为促进中国互联网平台的健康有序发展，为我国互联网平台滥用市场支配地位高效的反垄断规制献计献策。

China currently holds the most expansive Internet market in the world.Internet platforms' exclusive data benefits propel the platform economy to rapidly become a new impetus for China's economic progress.The competition between Internet platforms in China, due to its swift growth, is intensifying.Regulators imposed hefty fines on Alibaba and Meituan for exploiting their preeminent market position, a situation which has drawn much interest from both theoretical and practical circles concerning the exploitation of their preeminent market position by online platforms.The exploitation of the leading market position infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of other competitors, consumers, and rivals, posing a threat to competition and seriously disrupting the equilibrium of market rivalry.The Times' new product of the Internet platform economy presents a novel challenge to the regulation of anti-monopoly, as its characteristics are distinct from the traditional economic model.

In 2019, the State Administration for Market Regulation issued Interim Provisions on the Prohibition of Abuse of Dominant Market Position in China, which explicitly outlined the contents such as "the prevention and suppression of abuse of dominant market position." This was part of the major policies to bolster anti-monopoly efforts and forestall the disorderly expansion of capital.In 2020, the Anti-monopoly Law's draft revision, titled 'Draft for Public Comments', was released, marking the first time the government had requested the public to give their views on amendments. To guarantee fair competition in the Internet market and strengthen market supervision, the Anti-monopoly Commission of the State Council issued and put into effect the Anti-monopoly Guidelines on the Field of Platform Economy in February of that year, with the aim of controlling monopolies in the platform economy and encouraging the orderly growth of it.The National People's Congress' Standing Committee, on June 24th, 1922, officially ratified the Anti-monopoly Law of the People's Republic of China.The anti-monopoly regulatory framework for the exploitation of Internet platforms' pre-eminence in the market was further elucidated.

This paper starts with the basic theoretical knowledge of the abuse of market dominance and compares it with the traditional one. An examination of the legislative framework for controlling the exploitation of the preeminent market position of Chinese Internet platforms is conducted in this paper, and it is concluded that there are inadequacies in the definition of the applicable market.The recognition of the preeminent market position and the exploitation of that same market position.Adhering to the concept of inclusive and prudent preventive regulation, it is suggested that, in conjunction with the legislative expertise of countries beyond the region, be done.Adhering to and enhancing the anti-monopoly legal regulation framework to control the exploitation of Internet platforms' dominant market position is essential.The definition standard of the pertinent market incorporates the time market, based on the commodity and regional market. As for the criteria of dominant market position, comprehensive criteria should be added while considering the market share. Offering concepts for augmenting the system of exploiting the preeminent market standing of the Internet platform.Outlining Internet competition regulations tailored to the socialist market economy, in order to foster the beneficial and orderly growth of China's Internet platform, is essential.Suggestions for the effective anti-monopoly control of China's Internet platform's exploitation of its dominant market standing should be made.