商务传媒学院知识库

移动互联网时代，各类短视频应用持续爆火。其节奏快、易制作、组成元素丰富等特点迅速成为新闻报道的重要方式，“央视新闻”和“人民日报”凭借其公信力和长期积累的广大受众群体在抖音成立官方账号后迅速吸引众多粉丝。从古至今，我国经历多次自然灾害的侵袭，人们不断总结经验战胜灾害。同时在全国各地，每天都会发生不同程度的安全事故，或轻或重，都会给人们的生命安全带来威胁。本文选取自然灾害和突发事故两类突发事件的案例，探析“央视新闻”“人民日报”两家主流媒体的抖音短视频对此类事件的报道框架构建。

文章根据臧国仁学者提出的新闻框架三层次理论将事件框架分为高中低三个层次，首先把握报道的外部框架，即报道时长和频率、新闻来源两方面了解视频外部特征，其次从高层次的“主题”“直接引语”和“导语”切入总结媒体对新闻主题的选择；中层次的“主要事件”“归因”“评估”“影响”分析视频制作中对报道内容的整合与搭配；低层次的“话语语气”“关键词”“视听符号”从细节出发了解新闻话语的表达方式。总体呈现出救援中强调人员关怀、塑造英雄形象、报道中体现情感动员、多信源的媒体选择框架。但由于受多方限制、新媒体以及编辑记者的感性、理性认识等因素影响，主流媒体在报道中出现对“普通群众”关注不够、谣言应对与舆论引导功能稍显不足、侧重情感表达、稀释议题严肃性以及部分报道内容模式化等问题，并据此提出媒体在关注受众需求、做好谣言应对、重视健康传播方面等建议。

In the era of mobile Internet, all kinds of short video applications continue to explode. Its characteristics of fast pace, easy production and rich elements quickly became an important way of news reporting. CCTV News and People's Daily quickly attracted many fans after the established official accounts in Tik Tok with their credibility and long-term accumulated audience. Since ancient times, China has experienced many natural disasters, and people constantly sum up their experiences to overcome them. At the same time, all over the country, different degrees of safety accidents occur every day, light or heavy, which will bring threats to people's lives. In this paper, natural disasters and unexpected accidents are selected as two kinds of emergency cases, and the construction of the reporting framework of these two mainstream media, CCTV News and People's Daily, is analyzed.

According to the three-level theory of news framework put forward by Zang Guoren, this paper divides the event framework into three levels: high, middle and low. Firstly, it grasps the external framework of reports, that is, the length and frequency of reports and news sources to understand the external features of videos. Secondly, it summarizes the media's choice of news topics from high-level "themes", "direct quotes" and "leads". In the middle level, it analyzes the integration and collocation of reported content in video production. Low-level "discourse tone", "key words" and "audio-visual symbols" understand the expression of news discourse from details. Overall, it presents a media selection framework that emphasizes people's care in rescue, shapes heroic images, reflects emotional mobilization in reporting, and has multiple sources. However, due to various restrictions, new media and editors' perceptual and rational understanding, the mainstream media have not paid enough attention to the "ordinary people", the functions of dealing with rumors and guiding public opinion are slightly insufficient, the emotional expression is emphasized, the seriousness of the topic is diluted, and some reports are modeled. Based on this, some suggestions are put forward for the media to pay attention to the needs of the audience, deal with rumors well and attach importance to healthy communication.