金融学院知识库

从2004年以后，国家颁布了20个“一号文件”来指导“三农”建设，解决“三农”问题，其核心在于增加农民收入。伴随我国经济发展水平的持续攀升，农户对农业生产积极性也在持续增强，但受传统小农生产方式的限制以及自然灾害等因素影响，农民增收仍然面临着巨大压力。乡村振兴战略发布后，金融机构、财政部门等相关单位，应当向“三农”方向倾斜。作为扶持“三农”工作的重要金融工具之一，农业保险能够通过转移生产风险，提供损失补偿、引导农民生产行为等方式，推动农民增收；另一项支持“三农”工作的政策性金融工具，涉农信贷能够直接以资金形式支持第一产业扩大再生产，继而带动农民增产增收。因此，研究农业保险对涉农信贷的影响具有重要意义。从理论上看，农业保险可采取修正涉农信贷和农户信息不对称问题，并利用其自身所具备一定的抵押品属性稳定涉农信贷发展，进行帕累托改进，由此形成二者协同增收效应，并提出“农业保险-涉农信贷-农户收入”影响路径。

本文基于从2011年到2020年全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）的面板数据，以涉农信贷与农业保险的中介效应角度出发，建立含有中介效应的双向固定面板模型，探究农业保险的农民增收效应。在理论分析的基础上，分别从整体以及分样本两个视角对理论分析的结果进行验证。结果发现涉农信贷在农业保险对农户收入增长之间存在一定中介效应，且该效应体现于以下几方面：首先证实了“农业保险—涉农信贷—农户收入”的作用机制，证实推动农业保险的发展，是实现涉农信贷对农民增收的重要功能渠道；同时还证明了涉农信贷与农业保险均能有效地增加农户总收入。其次，通过对异质性的分析，将东，中与西部地区相比较，农业保险与涉农信贷增收效果均更强，在影响农户收入过程中，涉农信贷对农业保险的中介效应相对也更高。为使二者协同增收效应“掷地有声”，提出以下具体意见：要改善农业保险供给的对策，完善涉农信贷系统建设并创新银保互动产品服务，构建内外部监管体系。

Since 2004, the country has issued 20 "No.1 Documents" to guide the construction of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" and solve the problems of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers". The core is to increase the income of farmers. With the continuous improvement of the level of economic development, China's farmers' enthusiasm for agricultural production is also increasing. However, due to the limitations of traditional small-scale farmers' production methods and the impact of natural disasters, farmers still face enormous pressure to increase income. After the release of the rural revitalization strategy, financial institutions, financial departments, and other relevant units should tilt towards the "three rural" direction. As one of the important financial tools to support the work of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers", agricultural insurance can promote farmers' income by transferring production risks, providing compensation for losses, and guiding farmers' production behavior; Another policy based financial tool to support the work of "agriculture, rural areas, and farmers" is agricultural credit, which can directly support the expansion of reproduction in the primary industry in the form of funds, thereby driving farmers to increase production and income. Therefore, studying the impact of agricultural insurance on agricultural credit is of great significance. In theory, agricultural insurance can take measures to correct the information asymmetry between agricultural credit and farmers, and use its own collateral properties to stabilize the development of agricultural credit, making Pareto improvements, thereby forming a synergistic income increase effect between the two, proposing an impact path of "agricultural insurance agricultural credit farmers' income.".

Based on panel data from 31 provinces (cities, autonomous regions) in China from 2011 to 2020, this thesis establishes a two-way fixed panel model with mediating effects from the perspective of the mediating effects of agricultural credit and agricultural insurance, to explore the impact of agricultural insurance on farmers' income. On the basis of theoretical analysis, the results of theoretical analysis were verified from the perspective of population and subsample. The results show that there is a certain mediating effect between agricultural insurance and farmers' income increase, mainly reflected in the following aspects. Firstly, the mechanism of "agricultural insurance - agricultural credit - farmers' income" is confirmed, and it is confirmed that promoting the development of agricultural insurance is an important functional channel for achieving agricultural credit to increase farmers' income; It has also proven that agricultural credit and agricultural insurance can effectively increase the total income of farmers. Secondly, through heterogeneity analysis, compared with eastern, central, and western regions, agricultural insurance and agricultural credit have a strong income increasing effect. In the process of influencing farmers' income, agricultural credit has a high mediating effect on agricultural insurance. In order to generate a "resounding" income increase effect between the two, the following specific suggestions are proposed: improving the supply of agricultural insurance, improving the construction of the agricultural credit system, innovating the interactive product services between banks and insurance, and establishing an internal and external regulatory system.