国际经济与贸易学院知识库

18世纪工业革命的出现，为社会发展带来了新的前进动力，蒸汽、石油资源的整合应用也给汽车产业的发展提供了契机。一方面为了满足经济社会的发展需求，汽车成为了社会生产经营、交通运输等领域不可或缺的重要工具，但另一方面随着时代的进步、人们生活水平的日益提高，对汽车大量超负荷使用，也给资源利用和环境保护带来了巨大的挑战，传统汽车产业发展陷入瓶颈，由此，新能源汽车开启了发展新阶段。中国的新能源汽车领域发展迅猛，尤其是乘用车的市场规模庞大。EV Sales统计显示，中国新能源汽车的生产及销售规模2018年突破百万大关，位列全球第一，超过其余国家总和。

比亚迪是中国新能源汽车行业的领军企业，2020年其在中国市场所占的市场份额仅次于特斯拉中国的29.6%，全球销量也仅次于特斯拉、大众两大品牌，位列第三。比亚迪于2007年开启国际化进程，首先进军全球市场的主要产品是新能源商用车，以纯电动大巴车和纯电动叉车为主，而新能源乘用车则是先扎根于国内市场，再逐步走向国际市场；在目标市场的选择上，与我国其他企业“先易后难”不同的是比亚迪新能源汽车采取了“先难后易”的国际化策略；其进入模式以投资建厂和战略联盟为主，而出口则是其国际化进程中的一个强有力的补充。比亚迪国际化路径的选择为其在新能源市场上取得的成功发挥了巨大的作用，同时也推动了中国新能源汽车国际化战略布局的完善，对其展开分析既有理论意义，又有实践意义。

本文以比亚迪作为研究对象，首先从产品矩阵、目标市场以及进入模式三个角度研究其新能源汽车的国际化路径。其次与特斯拉国际化路径进行对比研究，分析得出二者国际化路径的异同以及国际化效果的差异。最后结合中国新能源汽车发展目标为包括比亚迪在内的中国新能源汽车企业提供发展建议和启示。

The emergence of the industrial revolution in the 18th century brought new impetus for social development, and the integrated application of steam , the car has become the social production and business operation, transportation and other fields and indispensable tool, but on the other hand with the progress of era, the increasing of people's living standard, a large number of overload on car use, also gave the resource and environmental protection are of huge challenges, the traditional auto industry development in the bottleneck, The new energy vehicle industry has emerged. China, as the world's fastest growing country of new energy vehicles, especially the passenger car market is huge. According to EV Sales statistics, by 2018, the production and Sales scale of New energy vehicles in China will exceed 1 million units, ranking first in the world and exceeding the total of other countries.

As the leader of China's new energy vehicle industry, BYD's market share in China's new energy vehicles reached 18% in the first half of 2020, beating Tesla China's 14%, winning the first place, and its global sales volume was second only to Tesla and Volkswagen. As early as 2007, BYD has started to enter the overseas market. The mode of entry is mainly strategic alliance and investment to build factories, and export is a strong supplement. BYD's products entering the international market are mainly new energy commercial vehicles competing for market share, with pure electric buses and pure electric forklifts as the leading force, while new energy passenger vehicles are mainly facing the domestic market and gradually entering the international market. In the choice of target market, and other Chinese enterprises "easy after difficult" is different from BYD new energy vehicles to take the "difficult after easy" internationalization strategy. The choice of BYD's internationalization path has played a huge role in its success in the new energy market but also promoted the development and improvement of the strategic layout of China's new energy vehicles internationalization, which has important theoretical value and practical significance to carry out research on it.

Taking BYD as the research object, this paper mainly studies the internationalization path of its new energy vehicles from three perspectives of product matrix, target market and entry mode, and makes a comparative study with Tesla's internationalization path, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the two internationalization paths as well as the differences in internationalization effects. Finally, it provides development suggestions and enlightenment for Chinese new energy vehicle enterprises including BYD based on the target of Chinese new energy vehicles.