法学院知识库

  《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》经过2018年的修订，增加了对互联网环境下的不正当竞争的规范，主要体现为第十二条“经营者利用网络从事生产经营活动，应当遵守本法的各项规定。经营者不得利用技术手段，通过影响用户选择或者其他方式，实施下列妨碍、破坏其他经营者合法提供的网络产品或者服务正常运行的行为：（一）未经其他经营者同意，在其合法提供的网络产品或者服务中，插入链接、强制进行目标跳转；（二）误导、欺骗、强迫用户修改、关闭、卸载其他经营者合法提供的网络产品或者服务；（三）恶意对其他经营者合法提供的网络产品或者服务实施不兼容；（四）其他妨碍、破坏其他经营者合法提供的网络产品或者服务正常运行的行为”，这一条款也被称为“互联网专条”。这一条款的设立，在互联网不正当竞争行为界定的基础上，明确了互联网环境下常见不正当竞争行为、互联网背景下滥用互联网市场支配地位行为和依托于互联网技术实施的不正当竞争行为，并制定了互联网不正当竞争的兜底性条款。但是，“互联网专条”的类型化立法基本条款要素单一，在司法实践中仍然普遍适用一般性条款，“私益优先”的审查思路无法为《反不正当竞争法》规制互联网竞争行为创造合理性的基础，对于互联网环境中的不正当竞争行为的覆盖功能并不完善，也难以预测和防范互联网不正当竞争的新发展、新手段。尽管我国现行的互联网不正当竞争规制在立法、监管和司法等方面存在诸多困难。本文从互联网不正当竞争的界定入手，对典型互联网不正当竞争的起因和特征进行类型化分析，借鉴国外的成熟立法经验与审判理路，探讨如何完善互联网不正当竞争行为的一般条款、列举条款，完善我国互联网不正当竞争的立法规范和规制方法，提出设立专门的执法机关，促进行业自律与政府相结合，加强对管理者的专业培训以提升其监管的专业性，在司法实践中引入“诉前禁令制度”、改进互联网不正当竞争行为的认定模式、适当赋予消费者集体诉权，予以完善我国互联网不正当竞争行为的法律规制。

    The Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People's Republic of China, revised in 2018, has added regulations on unfair competition in the Internet environment, which is mainly reflected in Article 12: "Operators who engage in production and business activities through the Internet shall abide by the provisions of this Law. An operator shall not use of technical means, by influencing the user to select or other means, to implement the following interfere with or damage other operators legally provide network normal operation behavior: (a) of the product or service without the consent of the other business operators, in its network products or services provided by legal, insert links, forced to jump; (2) Misleading, deceiving or forcing users to modify, close or uninstall network products or services legally provided by other operators; (3) Maliciously incompatible with network products or services legally provided by other operators; (4) Other acts that impede or disrupt the normal operation of network products or services legally provided by other operators ", which is also known as "Internet special provisions". The establishment of this clause, on the Internet, on the basis of definition ACTS of unfair competition, has been clear about the common ACTS of unfair competition under the Internet environment, under the background of Internet abuse of dominant market position behavior and the Internet on the Internet technology on the implementation of ACTS of unfair competition, and develop the Internet out of terms of unfair competition. Article designed "but," the Internet terms basic single typed legislation, general terms are still widely used in the judicial practice, "private interest" priority review train of thought to the anti-unfair competition law regulation based on the rationality of Internet competition to create, to cover function of ACTS of unfair competition in the Internet environment is not perfect, It is also difficult to predict and prevent the new development of unfair competition on the Internet, new means. Although China's current Internet unfair competition regulation in legislation, supervision and judicial aspects of many difficulties. This article obtains from the definition of Internet of unfair competition, on the causes and characteristics of typical unfair competition Internet typed analysis, draw lessons from foreign mature legislation experience and trial practice, discusses how to improve the Internet ACTS of unfair competition of the general terms, the terms listed, consummates our country Internet of unfair competition legislation and regulation methods, Put forward to set up a special law enforcement, promote the combination of self-discipline and the government, to strengthen the professional training of managers to improve the professionalism of its regulatory, introduced in the judicial practice "ban before litigation system", to improve the cognizance of the Internet ACTS of unfair competition pattern, give consumers of collective litigation appropriately, to perfect our country the legal regulating of the Internet ACTS of unfair competition.