统计与数据科学学院知识库

       随着幸福经济学的发展， 对于幸福感的研究已经逐渐从心理学领域延伸到经济学领域。 对人们幸福感的研究逐渐得到重视。幸福感的建设在我国发展中占据着极为重要的地位，人们越来越重视个人幸福感的提升。 对于影响幸福感的因素也引起越来越多的讨论。 收入能满足个人的物质需求，在需求得到满足后幸福感得以提升，因此个人收入对于幸福感的影响研究逐渐成为焦点。 同样，健康能促进人的全面发展，能带动经济社会水平的发展， 也是众多广大人民群众一生所追求的目标，并且良好的健康水平是国家富强和民族昌盛的重要标志之一。 幸福感产生的最基本前提就是要有拥有健康的心理和生理状态，健康对于幸福感的影响同样不可忽视。 因此，探究收入与健康对幸福感的影响是一个具有现实意义的问题。
       首先对幸福感的概念进行界定，本文的幸福感指的是主观幸福感。 本文选取中国家庭追踪调查（China Family Panel Studies， CFPS） 2018 年全国调查的数据，数据全部来源于个人自答问卷的结果，涵盖了来自 29 个省的居民问卷调查结果，对数据进行筛选及处理后，首先，将收入细分为绝对收入和相对收入，将健康细分为身体健康和心理健康； 其次， 采用有序 Logit 回归的方法研究收入与健康对主观幸福感的影响， 并进行了稳健性检验，进行稳健性检验时，一方面变量替换，将被解释变量主观幸福感用生活满意度来度量， 进行稳健性检验， 另一方面更换计量模型， 采用有序 Probit 回归的方法替换有序 Logit 回归， 看结果是否具有稳健性； 再次，从多个角度展开异质性分析， 分别基于个体特征、地区特征、不同收入等级来更加深入地探索在不同群体下收入、健康与主观幸福感三者之间的关系；最后，做进一步分析，基于分位数回归方法研究不同分位点上收入、健康对主观幸福感的影响。
       本文主要得出以下结论：（1）绝对收入水平提升会促进主观幸福感水平的提升， 同时相对收入水平提升也会促进主观幸福感水平的提升。（2）针对健康对主观幸福感的影响，对主观幸福感产生影响的主要是个人自评的身体健康水平与心理健康水平。对主观幸福感均有促进作用，且心理健康对主观幸福感的促进作用比身体健康更大。（3）收入与健康对主观幸福感的影响有基于个体特征、地区特征、不同收入等级的异质性。 绝对收入水平对幸福感的影响存在年龄、教育水平、城乡、东中西部地区、收入等级上的差异性；相对收入水平对幸福感的影响存在性别、年龄、教育水平、收入等级上的差异性；身体健康水平对幸福感的影响存在教育水平、东中西部地区、收入等级上的差异性；心理健康水平对幸福感的影响存在教育水平、城乡、东中西部地区、收入等级上的差异性。（4） 不同分位点上，收入与健康对主观幸福感的影响有所不同。 低幸福感水平人群主观幸福感的提升更容易受到绝对收入、 相对收入的影响； 不管位于幸福感分布的何处，身体健康水平对主观幸福感水平的影响程度相差不大，但心理健康水平对于主观幸福感水平的提升作用在低幸福感水平群体中更为显著。
 

   With the development of happiness economics, the research on happiness has gradually extended from the field of psychology to the field of economics. The research on people's well-being has been paid more and more attention. The construction of well-being occupies a very important position in the development of our country. People pay more and more attention to the improvement of personal well-being. The factors affecting well-being have also aroused more and more discussion. Income can meet personal material needs, and happiness can be improved after the needs are met. Therefore, the research on the impact of personal income on happiness has gradually become the focus. Similarly, health can promote people's allround development and promote the development of economic and social levels, which is also the goal pursued by many people throughout their lives. A good health level is one of the important symbols of national prosperity and national prosperity. The basic premise of happiness is to have a healthy psychological and physiological state, and the impact of health on happiness can not be ignored. Therefore, it is of practical significance to explore the impact of income and health on well-being.
       Firstly, the concept of well-being is defined. In this paper, well-being refers to subjective well-being. This paper selects the data from the 2018 China family panel studies (CFPS) national survey. The data are all from the results of individual self-administered questionnaires, covering the residents' questionnaire results from 29 provinces. After screening and processing the data, first, the income is divided into absolute income and relative income, and health is divided into physical health and mental health; Secondly, the method of ordered logit regression is used to study the impact of income and health on subjective well-being, and the robustness test is carried out. When the robustness test is carried out, on the one hand, the variables are replaced, and the subjective well-being of the explained variables is measured by life satisfaction, and the robustness test is carried out. On the other hand, the measurement model is replaced by the method of ordered probit regression to see whether the results are robust; Thirdly, the heterogeneity analysis is carried out from multiple perspectives to explore the relationship among income, health and subjective well-being in different groups based on individual characteristics, regional characteristics and different income levels; Finally, further analysis is made to study the impact of income and health on subjective well-being based on quantile regression method.
      The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the improvement of absolute income level will promote the improvement of subjective well-being level, while the improvement of relative income level will also promote the improvement of subjective well-being level. (2)In view of the impact of health on subjective well-being, the main impact on subjective well-being is the personal self-assessment of physical health and mental health. It can promote subjective well-being, and mental health can promote subjective well-being more than physical health. (3) The influence of income and health on subjective well-being is heterogeneous based on individual characteristics, regional characteristics and different income levels. The influence of absolute income level on well-being is different in age, education level, urban and rural areas, Eastern, central and western regions, and income level; The influence of relative income level on happiness is different in gender, age, education level and income level; The influence of health level on well-being is different in education level,Eastern, central and western regions, and income level; The influence of mental health level on well-being is different in education level, urban and rural areas, Eastern, central and western regions, and income level. (4) At different quantiles, income and health have different effects on subjective well-being. The improvement of subjective well-being of people with low level of well-being is more likely to be affected by absolute income and relative income; No matter where the distribution of well-being is, the influence of physical health level on subjective well-being level is similar, but the effect of mental health level on the improvement of subjective wellbeing level is more significant in low well-being groups.