法学院知识库

互联网技术给我国经济发展带来了好处的同时，也引发了各种新问题。互联网作为一种新兴媒体，其具有开放性以及自由性等特征，因此也为市场竞争提供了有利契机。众所周知，哪里有市场，哪里就有竞争，互联网市场也不例外。在互联网市场上，互联网技术企业为了利润而竞争，把技术作为一种独特的手段。但是，竞争并不总是良性的，一些特殊的竞争手段，如流量劫持，强制插入链接等，也会对互联网竞争产生不利影响。对此，我国《反不正当竞争法》增加一条 专门针对互联网领域的特殊条款，该条的加入对于规制未来互联网领域的不正当 竞争有着指导意义。

然而，随着社会的不断进步以及互联网技术手段的更新换代，该条在司法适 用过程中已渐渐变得“不合时宜”。虽然该法条中对互联网中的不正当竞争行为 作出了新的规定，但是仍然不能涵盖所有的互联网不正当竞争行为，以至于对司 法活动中如何认定互联网不正当竞争行为造成阻碍。这使得我国竞争法在实际应 用时显得捉襟见肘，难以应对当前日益复杂的市场竞争环境。同时，现有的相关 立法还不足以全面保护互联网经营者、消费者的合法权益。也就是说，我国现行 的竞争法还不能完全适用于所有基于互联网平台的不正当竞争行为，因此，为适 应社会发展，促进互联网市场的公平竞争，本文将互联网不正当竞争行为作为研 究课题，以期对未来的互联网环境下的市场发展给出一些建议。

本文在分析相关数据的基础上，梳理归纳互联网不正当竞争的典型案件，深 入分析互联网行业存在的不正当竞争行为，发现在消费者权益保护、赔偿机制、 法律适用等诸多方面均存在问题。围绕上述问题，本文拟借鉴德国、日本、法国 等国家在互联网不正当竞争领域的立法经验，并结合我国发展现状提出完善建议， 例如，赋予消费者集体诉权，加强与其他部门法的衔接，将可期待利益损失与商 誉损失纳入赔偿范围内，采用证据披露、证据妨碍排除规则以及优势证据规则规 制法官的自由裁量，从而保护经营者、消费者的合法权益，净化互联网市场环境， 维护公平正义。

Internet technology has brought benefits to China's economic development, but also caused a variety of new problems.As a new media, the Internet has the characteristics of openness and freedom, so it also provides a favorable opportunity for market competition.As we all know, where there is a market, there is competition, and the Internet market is no exception.In the Internet market, Internet technology enterprises compete for profit and regard technology as a unique means.However, competition is not always benign, some special means of competition, such as traffic hijacking, forced insertion of links, etc., will also have adverse effects on Internet competition.In this regard, China's Anti-Unfair Competition Law adds a special clause specifically for the Internet field, which has guiding significance for regulating the future unfair competition in the Internet field.

However, with the continuous progress of society and the updating of Internet technology means, this article has gradually become "inappropriate" in the judicial application process.Although the article has made new provisions on unfair competition on the Internet, it still cannot cover all acts of unfair competition on the Internet, so as to hinder how to identify acts of unfair competition on the Internet in the judicial activities.This makes China's competition law in the actual use appears to be inadequate, difficult to cope with the current increasingly complex market competition environment.At the same time, the existing legislation is not enough to fully protect the legitimate interests of Internet operators and consumers.That is to say, the current competition law can not fully apply to all the ACTS of unfair competition based on Internet platform, therefore, in order to adapt to social development, promote fair competition in the Internet market, the Internet ACTS of unfair competition as the research in this paper Investigate subject, in order to the future of the Internet environment offers some Suggestions for market development.

Based on the analysis of relevant data, this paper combs and summarizes typical cases of unfair competition on the Internet, deeply analyzes the unfair competition behaviors in the Internet industry, and finds that there are problems in consumer protection, compensation mechanism, law application and many other aspects.Around these problems, this article intends to draw lessons from Germany, Japan, France and other countries in the Internet legislation experience in the field of unfair competition, improving Suggestions combined with our country development present situation, for example, give consumers the collective litigation right, strengthen the connection with other sectors, will expect interest losses and reputation losses into the compensation scope,In order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of operators and consumers, purify the Internet market environment, and maintain fairness and justice, it adopts the rules of disclosure of evidence, exclusion of evidence obstruction and preponderance of evidence to regulate judges' discretion.