MBA教育中心知识库

摘  要

招投标活动是我国社会发展过程中非常重要的经济行为。近年来，随着我国经济发展活跃度的提升，招投标总体规模不断攀升，这就对招投标业务的合规性、合法性提出了更加严格的要求。随着招标代理服务模式的不断优化，招标中心作为招投标业务的核心机构，已经展现出强大的招投标业务竞争力。然而，由于管理制度不完善、专业实务经验不足等因素的存在，引发的招投标过程的风险仍旧是制约我国招投标市场健康发展的主要因素。可见，完善招投标市场的各项规章制度、健全相关法律法规，促使招投标工作能够为我国市场经济的健康发展发挥出更积极的作用，是我国当前招投标管理工作的重中之重。

本文以甘肃省招标中心为研究对象，在梳理大量国内外相关研究文献的基础上，运用风险管理相关理论，深入剖析该企业招投标管理的风险现状，通过访谈提纲的设计与整理，将项目全过程运行管理中存在的主要风险问题归纳为招标阶段公告及文件信息不对称等、投标阶段围标及串标情形常态化等、评标阶段违法违规干预采购活动等三个方面；将产生风险问题的常见原因归纳为招标流程约束力不足等容易引发招标阶段风险，投标市场围标串标现象频发等容易引发投标阶段风险，评标专家缺乏相关认知等容易引发评标阶段风险三个方面。通过对招投标风险因素的识别与评估，可将风险类别划分为招投标制度风险、招标技术风险、投标市场风险、评标审核风险、招投标廉政风险五大类。针对这五大风险因素的来源和形成机制，遵循风险管理的基本原则，文章提出了：完善招投标管理制度；改进技术专业的招标办法；优化投标风险控制中的竞争制度；依法遵循公共资源交易平台评标专家抽取标准；引入第三方监管机构防控廉政风险等管理风险防控策略，并从制度保障和组织保障方面为风险防控策略的有效开展提供了保障措施。

希望本文的研究能够为甘肃省招标中心的健康发展提供帮助，同时，在我国招投标市场中可起到以点带面的促进作用，为广大招标代理机构提供更具价值的实践指导，从而为我国经济建设健康有序的发展贡献绵薄之力。

关键词：招投标管理  风险因素  风险防控策略

Abstract

Bidding activity is a very important economic behavior in the process of social development in China. In recent years, with the improvement of China's economic development activity, the overall scale of bidding continues to rise, which puts forward more stringent requirements for the compliance and legitimacy of bidding business. With the continuous optimization of the bidding agency service mode, the bidding center, as the core organization of the tendering and bidding business, has shown a strong competitiveness in the tendering and bidding business. However, due to the imperfect management system, lack of professional practice experience and other factors, the risk caused by the bidding process is still the main factor restricting the healthy development of China's tendering and bidding market. It can be seen that the top priority of China's current bidding management is to improve the rules and regulations of the tendering and bidding market, improve relevant laws and regulations, and promote the tendering and bidding work to play a more positive role in the healthy development of China's market economy.

Based on the bidding center in Gansu province as the research object, and on the basis of combing a large number of relevant research literatures at home and abroad, it makes an in-depth analysis of the risk status quo of the tendering and bidding management of the enterprise by using the theory of risk management. The main risk problems in the whole process operation management of the project are summarized into three aspects: the announcement and document information asymmetry in the bidding stage, the normalization of bidding and bidding series, and the illegal intervention in procurement activities in the bid evaluation stage. The common causes of risk problems are summarized as three aspects: the lack of binding force in the bidding process is easy to cause the risk in the bidding stage; the frequent phenomenon of bidding round and bidding series in the bidding market is easy to cause the risk in the bidding stage; the lack of relevant knowledge of bid evaluation experts is easy to cause the risk in the bid evaluation stage. Through the identification and evaluation of the risk factors of bidding and tendering, the risk can be divided into five categories: bidding system risk, bidding technology risk, bidding market risk, bid evaluation and examination risk, bidding and tendering integrity risk. In view of the source and formation mechanism of these five risk factors, following the basic principles of risk management, the article puts forward: perfecting the bidding management system; Improving tendering methods for technical professions; Optimizing the competition system in bidding risk control; According to the law to comply with the public resources trading platform bid evaluation expert extraction standards; The third party regulatory agency is introduced to prevent and control the risk of clean government and other management risk prevention and control strategies, and provides guarantee measures for the effective development of risk prevention and control strategies from the aspects of institutional guarantee and organizational guarantee.

It is hoped that the research conclusion of this paper can provide help for the healthy development of the bidding center in Gansu Province, at the same time, play a role in promoting the tendering and bidding market in China, and provide more valuable practical guidance for the general bidding agencies, so as to make a modest contribution to the healthy and orderly development of China's economic construction.

Keywords：Bidding and tendering management，Risk factors，Risk prevention strategy