经济学院知识库

中国经济要实现绿色高质量发展。改革开放后，我国经济飞速发展，但同时也带来了一定的环境问题。由于环境问题具有负外部性，因而需要政府发挥作用，解决市场失灵，实施环境规制政策，控制企业排污行为。可通过开展技术创新活动使经济稳定发展，从污染源头上解决环境问题。环境规制是为了改进环境质量，但如果我们能使用适当的规制政策，那么将会发挥其对技术创新的激励作用，从而有利于实现建设美丽中国的目标。
本文首先梳理了国内外相关文献和相关理论，分析了环境规制对技术创新的影响机制。在此基础上，本文选取了我国 2005-2017 年 30 个省份的面板数据，运用Sys-GMM估计法实证分析了环境规制强度及其不同类型规制对技术创新的效应。结果表明：环境规制强度对技术创新有着先促进后抑制的作用；异质性方面，命令控制型、市场激励型、公众参与型环境规制对技术创新的影响也都具有先促进后抑制的作用，公众参与型规制对技术创新的促进作用最明显，市场激励型次之，命令控制型最弱。此外，本文发现环境规制对技术创新的影响具有门槛效应。分地区来看，对于参与型环境规制来说，其对东部地区的促进作用最明显；对于市场型环境规制，其对中部地区的促进作用最明显；对于命令型规制，其对西部地区的效果最大。 

China's economy must achieve green and high-quality economic development. Since the reform and opening up, my country's economy has achieved rapid development, but at the same time it has also brought certain environmental problems. As environmental problems have negative externalities, the government needs to play a role to solve market failures, implement environmental regulations and policies, and control corporate pollutant behavior. The economic development can be stabilized by carrying out technological innovation activities, and environmental problems can be solved from the source of pollution. Environmental regulation is to improve the quality of the environment, but if we can use appropriate regulatory policies, it will play its role in stimulating technological innovation, which will help achieve the goal of building a beautiful China.

This article first sorts out relevant domestic and foreign literature and related theories, and analyzes the impact mechanism of environmental regulations on technological innovation. On this basis, this paper selects panel data of 30 provinces in my country from 2005 to 2017, and uses the Sys-GMM estimation method to empirically analyze the intensity of environmental regulations and the effects of different types of regulations on technological innovation. The results show that the intensity of environmental regulation has the effect of first promoting and then inhibiting technological innovation; in terms of heterogeneity, the impact of command-and-control, market-incentive, and public participation environmental regulations on technological innovation also has the effect of first promoting and then inhibiting. The public participation type regulation has the most obvious promotion effect on technological innovation, followed by the market incentive type, and the command and control type is the weakest. In addition, by constructing a threshold model, this paper finds that the impact of environmental regulations on technological innovation has a threshold effect. From a regional perspective, for public participation environmental regulations, it has the most obvious promotion effect on the eastern region; for market-incentive environmental regulations, it has the most obvious promotion effect on the central region; for command-and-control environmental regulations, it has the most significant effect on the central region. The western region has the greatest effect.