金融学院知识库

20世纪70年代，人口老龄化现象逐渐在世界范围内显现，为了应对人口老龄化产生的老人护理问题，长期护理保险在美国诞生，随后传向世界各国。据联合国发布的人口老龄化评定标准，我国于2000年成为老龄化社会国家，预计将在2025年左右跻身老龄社会国家的行列。然而，纵观各国从人口老龄化社会演变成老龄社会，历时都比我国更长，我国的老龄化速度世界罕见，同时，过快的老龄化速度也致使我国面临更加严重的老人护理难题。为了应对该问题，我国青岛市于2012年逐步自行引入长期护理保险，2016年7月，人社部办公厅发布了我国开展长期护理保险试点的文件，2020年8月，医保局联合财政部又发布了扩大试点范围的文件，将试点地区由原来的15个城市扩展为29个城市。由此可见，长期护理保险作为解决我国老人护理问题的重要方法，其实施范围必将越来越大。2020年初，兰州市年龄大于65岁的人群占比为13.4%，高于全省（11.61%）和全国（12.6%）水平。这表明，兰州市老龄化问题较甘肃省和全国平均水平都更加严重，所以开展长期护理保险的任务更加紧迫。

本文立足于社会保险模式，从消费者的实际需求视角出发，通过实际调查并结合外部有关经验教训和相关理论，探究归纳在兰州市长期护理保险制度建设过程中应该注意的问题。首先，文章分析了兰州市开展长期护理保险的必要性。其次，通过问卷调查的方式收集兰州市居民对长期护理保险的实际需求。之后，结合国际上典型国家和国内试点城市的实践情况进行研究，结果表明，兰州市未来的长期护理保险制度建设，会存在兰州市民对长期护理保险认知不足、现有护理资源浪费严重、护理队伍建设难度大、给付压力大、对现金给付方式的期望过高等障碍。最后，针对阻碍兰州市长期护理保险开展的相关障碍，借鉴经验，笔者提出加强宣传介绍、整改现有护理资源、加强高素质护理队伍建设、建立多层次给付体系、双轨并行、明确支付项目等措施，以解决这些问题。

In 1970s, the phenomenon of population aging gradually appeared in the world. In order to cope with the elderly care problems caused by population aging, long-term care insurance was born in the United States and spread to all countries in the world. According to the evaluation standard of population aging issued by the United Nations, China became an aging society country in 2000. it is expected to rank among the aging society countries around 2025. However, looking at the evolution from an aging society to an extra aging society in various countries, it takes longer than China. The aging speed in China is rare in the world. At the same time, the rapid speed also causes to face more serious nursing problems for the elderly in china. In order to solve the problem, Qingdao gradually introduced long-term care insurance on its own in 2012. In July 2016, the General Office of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security issued a document on the pilot of long-term care insurance in China. In August 2020, the Medical Insurance Bureau and the Ministry of Finance issued a document on expanding the scope of the pilot, expanding the pilot area from the original 15 cities to 49 cities. As an important method to solve the problem of elderly care in China, it can be seen that long-term care insurance will be implemented more and more widely. At the beginning of 2020, the proportion people who over 65 years old in Lanzhou was 13.4%, which was higher than that of the province (11.61%) and the country (12.6%). This shows that the aging problem in Lanzhou is more serious than in Gansu Province and the national average, so the task of developing long-term care insurance is more urgent.

Based on the social insurance model, from the perspective of consumers' actual needs, this paper explores and sums up the problems that should be paid attention to in the construction of Lanzhou long-term care insurance system through actual investigation and combined with external experience and lessons and related theories. First of all, the article analyzes the necessity of developing long-term care insurance in Lanzhou. Secondly, the actual needs of Lanzhou residents for long-term care insurance are collected by questionnaire survey. After that, combined with the practice of typical countries in the world and domestic pilot cities, The results showed that the construction of long-term care insurance system in Lanzhou will have some obstacles in the future, such as insufficient awareness of long-term care insurance, serious waste of existing nursing resources, huge pressure on payment, high expectations for cash payment methods, and great difficulty in the construction of nursing teams. Finally, aiming at the related obstacles that hinder the development of long-term care insurance in Lanzhou, the author draws lessons from experience, and proposes to strengthen publicity and introduction, rectify existing nursing resources, strengthen the construction of high-quality nursing teams, establish a multi-level payment system, double-track parallel, and clear payment Measures to solve these problems.