金融学院知识库

  养老规划是人们为了保障自己退休后的生活质量而制定的一种计划，被越来越多的学者所研究。随着中国老年人口占总人口的比重越来越大，养老的责任越来越多的被个人所承担，“养儿防老”观点在全国各地依然占据着主流，如何走出养老难困境是全社会共同关注的焦点。“老有所养”不仅仅是我们的传统的价值观的体现，更是一种被全社会所认可的正能量。要想破解养老难问题，首先要转变观念，提前对自己的退休生活做出规划。而金融素养和风险态度对于提高居民的风险意识有着积极的意义，研究它们和家庭养老规划的关系能够更好地为制定相关养老政策提供建议，也有助于个人做出合理高效的养老规划。

  本文在已有的研究的基础上，首先通过查阅相关文献总结梳理出风险态度和养老规划传统研究的一些影响因素，使用中国家庭金融调查中心发布的微观数据并运用stata软件从微观层面先探究金融素养与风险态度之间的影响机制，然后再探索金融素养和风险态度对家庭养老规划的影响。                 

  最后，根据得到的结论对相关的政府部门，市场部门和家庭部门提出相应的建议。以政策制定部门的视角而言，应该对居民的金融素养进行一次摸底行动，本着节约资金和人力的目的可以通过公众号来进行登记和问卷调查，弄清楚居民的金融素养处于哪一个层次并针对现状做出对应的措施。这些措施可以是专门针对底层居民而设计，聘请一些知名大学教授、名企业的法律顾问、投资专家等一起编写一部金融市场扫盲教材通过短视频、公众号的形式四处传播，可以强制进入市场的投资者学习这些教材在考核通过后再被允许参与到市场中去。以相关的金融机构的视角而言，相关金融机构在筹划新的理财产品时应该把居民的金融素养层次，风险态度类型考虑其中，丰富产品种类满足不同类型的投资者的同时做出最能吸引并且适合大众参与的版本，做大家庭理财这块蛋糕，实现机构和家庭双赢的局面。以居民及其家庭的视角而言，家庭应该根据自身的具体的消费情况和风险承受能力做出详细的理财规划来实现家庭财富保值增值，找到与自身的风险态度相符合和相匹配的金融产品，在寻求收益的同时最大化地分散风险避免财产损失。

  Pension planning is a kind of plan made by people in order to guarantee their life quality after retirement, which has been studied by more and more scholars. The view of "raising children for old age" still occupies the mainstream in all parts of the country, and how to get out of the difficult dilemma of the whole society. "Providing for the elderly" is not only a reflection of our traditional values, but also a positive energy recognized by the whole society. If you want to solve the pension problem, first of all, you need to change your concept and plan. Family pension planning can provide better suggestions for the formulation of relevant pension policies.

  Risk attitude and some influence factors of traditional pension plan research, using Chinese family financial research center of micro data and using the stata software are analyzed from micro level and explore the financial without makeup impact on pension planning.

   Finally, it is necessary to conduct a survey on the financial literacy of residents. In order to save money and manpower, registration and questionnaire survey can be conducted through public accounts. These measures can be specially designed for residents in the underlying, invited some well-known university professors, enterprise legal adviser, investment experts together to write a financial markets such as literacy teaching material in the form of a short video, the public, to spread, can learn the teaching material forced investors to enter the market in the inspection by then were allowed to participate in the market. In terms of the Angle of the relevant financial institutions, relevant financial institutions in the new financial product should have the financial literacy levels of residents, considering the risk attitude type, rich product variety to meet different types of investors at the same time to make the most can attract and suitable for the public to participate in the version, do family financial management this cake, implementation mechanism and family a win-win situation. In terms of the Angle of residents and their families, families should be based on their specific consumption and risk to bear ability to make a detailed financial planning to implement the household wealth value, find a consistent with their risk attitude and the financial products, matching the seeking profits at the same time maximize the spread risk to avoid property damage.