经济学院知识库

现阶段，创新成为驱动中国经济发展的首要动力，然而由于各地区初始要素禀赋不同，从而造成地区差异性。生产要素在地区间地流动不仅有利于要素在空间上的优化配置，更能显著提升地区创新能力；同时，公共服务质量对要素流动的影响日益突出，吸引着要素的流入与聚集。因此，在构建新发展格局的背景下，深入分析要素流动、公共服务质量与城市创新能力三者之间的关系，对各地区引导要素合理流动、提升创新能力并最终实现经济高质量发展具有重要意义。

首先，采用引力模型分析各地区要素流动现状，运用熵值法评估各地级市公共服务供给质量，并分析各地级市的创新能力；然后运用探索性空间数据分析方法（ESDA）对要素流动、公共服务质量与城市创新能力进行空间相关性分析。

其次，构建纳入公共服务质量变量的创新生产模型，从理论层面分析要素流动、公共服务供给和城市创新能力三者之间的关系，为进一步实证分析奠定基础。

最后，考虑存在空间效应，故此构建空间计量模型以分析不同类型要素流动对城市创新能力影响的空间效应。因公共服务质量对要素流动与城市创新能力的影响具有中介效应，故此对要素流动、公共服务质量与城市创新能力进行中介效应与空间异质性分析。

研究表明：（1）中国各地级市之间的创新能力存在显著空间相关性。要素流动、公共服务质量和城市创新能力呈现出明显的集聚特征，即三者水平相似的地级市在空间上其集聚性增强。（2）劳动力要素流动对于城市创新能力正向效应和空间溢出效应显著，资本虽是提高城市创新效率的重要影响因素但并未显现出空间溢出效应。（3）要素流动对城市创新能力的促进作用受公共服务质量中介效应影响较为显著，但对于不同城市群的影响具有差异性。

At present, innovation has become the primary driving force leading China's economic development. However, different regions have different initial factor endowments, resulting in regional differences. The flow of production factors between regions is not only conducive to the optimal allocation of factors in space, but also can significantly enhance regional innovation capabilities; at the same time, the impact of public service quality on the flow of factors has become increasingly prominent, attracting the influx and aggregation of factors. Therefore, in the context of building a new development pattern, an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the flow of factors, the quality of public services, and urban innovation capabilities is important for guiding the rational flow of factors in various regions, enhancing innovation capabilities, and ultimately achieving high-quality economic development. significance.

First, the gravity model is used to analyze the current status of element flow in various regions, the entropy method is used to evaluate the quality of public service supply in each city, and the innovation ability of each city is analyzed; then, the exploratory spatial data analysis method (ESDA) is used to analyze the flow of elements and the public. Carry out spatial correlation analysis on service quality and urban innovation ability.

Second, construct an innovative production model that incorporates public service quality variables, and analyze the relationship between factor flow, public service supply and urban innovation capabilities from a theoretical level, laying the foundation for further empirical analysis.

Finally, considering the existence of spatial effects, a spatial measurement model is constructed to analyze the spatial effects of different types of factor flows on urban innovation capabilities. Since the quality of public service has a mediating effect on the flow of factors and the ability of urban innovation, the mediating effect and spatial heterogeneity of the flow of factors, the quality of public services and the ability of urban innovation are analyzed.

Research shows that: (1) There is a significant spatial correlation between the innovation capabilities of various cities in China. The flow of factors, the quality of public services, and the ability of urban innovation show obvious agglomeration characteristics, that is, prefecture-level cities with similar levels of the three have increased spatial agglomeration. (2) The flow of labor factors has significant positive effects and spatial spillover effects on urban innovation capabilities. Although capital is an important factor in improving urban innovation efficiency, it does not show spatial spillover effects. (3) The promotion of the flow of factors to the city's innovation capability is significantly affected by the mediating effect of public service quality, but the impact on different urban agglomerations is different.