国际经济与贸易学院知识库

党的二十大报告明确指出要着力提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平，推动经济实现量的合理增长和质的有效提升。但全球市场的持续扩张和企业间贸易往来的日益频繁，供应链韧性正面临着越来越多的挑战。在这一背景下，供应链集中度作为企业供应链情况的重要衡量指标，良好的供应链集中度有助于企业内外各个环节之间形成紧密衔接的协同体系，这不仅关乎企业的成本控制和效益优化，还关乎企业在全球范围内的竞争力，对企业跨国经营绩效具有重大而深远的意义。在此背景下，本文聚焦中国企业，研究其供应链集中度对跨国经营绩效的影响，并考察了两者间具体影响机制，以期为企业合理配置供应链以提高企业跨国经营绩效提供有益参考。

本文首先结合相关理论，分析归纳了中国企业供应链集中度影响企业跨国经营绩效的理论基础和影响机制。其次，构建企业层面的供应链集中度，选取中国上市企业2011-2022年数据，通过建立固定效应模型实证检验供应链集中度对企业跨国经营绩效的影响。再次，通过更换被解释变量和解释变量、缩短样本区间、增加城市和行业固定效应的方式进行稳健性检验及内生性处理以提高研究结论可信度；并从企业股权性质差异、企业科技差异及企业地区差异三个方面展开异质性讨论。最后，选择企业经营风险和企业研发投入为机制变量检验供应链集中度影响企业跨国经营绩效的渠道。

根据理论和实证结果，本文得出结论：供应链集中度的提高对企业跨国经营绩效产生抑制作用，在经过稳健性检验和内生性处理后，结果仍然显著成立；供应链集中度上升通过加剧经营风险和降低研发投入抑制企业跨国经营绩效；供应链集中度上升对非国有企业、非高科技企业、东部地区企业的跨国经营绩效有更为显著的负向影响。本文基于研究结论提出相应对策建议：第一，企业在供应链配置上应更重视多元化分散化；第二，企业针对自身异质性，采取差异化措施；第三，企业应注重风险防控，及时调整供应链配置；第四，企业应加大研发投入、持续创新，提升应对能力。

The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly pointed out that efforts should be made to improve the resilience and safety level of the supply chain of the industrial chain, and promote the reasonable growth of the economic volume and the effective improvement of the quality. But with the continuous expansion of the global market and the increasingly frequent trade between enterprises, supply chain resilience is facing more and more challenges. In this context, the supply chain concentration is an important indicator of the supply chain situation of enterprises. A good supply chain concentration helps to form a close coordination system between various links inside and outside the enterprise, which is not only related to the cost control and efficiency optimization of the enterprise, but also related to the competitiveness of the enterprise in the global range. It is of great and far-reaching significance for the transnational business performance of enterprises. In this context, this paper focuses on Chinese enterprises, studies the impact of supply chain concentration on transnational business performance, and investigates the specific impact mechanism between the two, in order to provide useful reference for enterprises to reasonably allocate supply chain to improve transnational business performance.

Based on the relevant theories, this paper analyzes and summarizes the theoretical basis and influence mechanism of the supply chain concentration of Chinese enterprises on the transnational business performance. Secondly, it constructs the supply chain concentration at the enterprise level, selects the data of China's listed enterprises in 2011-2022, and empirically tests the impact of supply chain concentration on the transnational business performance of enterprises through the establishment of a fixed effect model. Thirdly, by changing the explained variables and explanatory variables, shortening the sample interval, and increasing the fixed effect of cities and industries, the robustness test and endogenous treatment were carried out to improve the credibility of research conclusions; And discuss the heterogeneity from three aspects: the differences in the nature of enterprise equity, the differences in enterprise technology and the differences in enterprise regions. Finally, we choose enterprise management risk and enterprise R&D investment as mechanism variables to test the channels that supply chain concentration affects the transnational business performance of enterprises.

According to the theoretical and empirical results, this paper concludes that: the increase of supply chain concentration has an inhibitory effect on the transnational business performance of enterprises. After the robustness test and endogenous treatment, the results are still significant; The increase of supply chain concentration can inhibit transnational business performance by increasing business risks and reducing R&D investment; The increase of supply chain concentration has a more significant negative impact on the transnational business performance of non-state-owned enterprises, non high-tech enterprises and enterprises in the eastern region. Based on the research findings, this paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions: first, enterprises should pay more attention to diversification and decentralization in supply chain allocation; Second, enterprises take differentiation measures for their own heterogeneity; Third, enterprises should pay attention to risk prevention and control, and adjust the supply chain configuration in a timely manner; Fourth, enterprises should increase investment in R&D, continue innovation, and improve response capabilities.