经济学院知识库

        在全球积极推动可持续发展以及我国经济结构深度转型的大背景下，实现金融发展与碳排放效率提升的协同共进，成为经济与环境协调发展的核心议题。数字普惠金融作为新兴的金融模式，以其数字化、普惠性等特点，在经济增长中扮演着重要角色，同时也可能对碳排放效率产生深远影响。深入探究二者关系，不仅有助于丰富经济与环境领域理论，还能为制定精准的区域政策、实现绿色低碳发展提供科学依据。
        本文以2011-2021年283个地级市为研究对象，基于北京大学数字普惠金融指数和利用SBM-DEA方法测算的碳排放效率，运用空间杜宾模型剖析数字普惠金融对城市碳排放效率的影响。研究发现，数字普惠金融与碳排放效率在时空上呈现紧密关联且各具演变特征，在时间上，数字普惠金融整体呈上升趋势，碳排放效率增速有波动；在空间上，数字普惠金融发展东部领先，碳排放效率沿海较高，且二者存在显著的空间依赖性。数字普惠金融对碳排放效率具有多维度正向影响，不仅能直接提升本地效率，还对周边城市产生积极的空间溢出效应。此外，数字普惠金融对碳排放的影响存在显著的异质性，在区域、产业现代化水平及城市资源依赖类型等方面表现不同。进一步影响渠道分析表明，数字普惠金融通过数字基础设施、绿色技术创新和金融资源配置等渠道提升碳排放效率。
        基于研究结论提出相关对策建议：一是加强数字普惠金融与碳排放效率的区域协同发展，推动东部地区向中西部地区输出数字普惠金融发展经验与技术，促进区域间数字普惠金融均衡发展，共同提升碳排放效率。二是强化数字普惠金融与碳排放效率的空间联动，制定区域协同政策，促进区域间数字普惠金融与碳排放效率的良性互动。三是发挥数字普惠金融对碳排放效率的正向多维度影响，持续拓展覆盖广度、深化使用深度，优化资源配置并提升金融服务应用水平，进一步释放数字普惠金融在提升本地及周边城市碳排放效率方面的潜力。四是实施差异化政策，以地区差异和城市资源禀赋为导向，精准施策，充分发挥数字普惠金融的积极作用。五是从数字基础设施、绿色技术创新、金融资源配置三个关键渠道协同发力，切实强化数字普惠金融对碳排放效率的提升效果。

Against the backdrop of the global active promotion of sustainable development and the deep transformation of China's economic structure, realizing the synergy between financial development and the improvement of carbon emission efficiency has become a core issue for the coordinated development of the economy and the environment. As an emerging financial model, digital inclusive finance, with its digitalization and universality, plays an important role in economic growth, and at the same time may have a profound impact on carbon emission efficiency. An in-depth exploration of the relationship between the two will not only help to enrich theories in the field of economy and environment, but also provide a scientific basis for formulating precise regional policies and realizing green and low-carbon development.
This paper takes 283 prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2021 as the research object, and analyzes the impact of digital inclusive finance on urban carbon emission efficiency by using the spatial Durbin model based on Peking University's digital inclusive finance index and carbon emission efficiency measured by SBM-DEA method. It is found that digital inclusive finance and carbon emission efficiency are closely related in time and space and each has its own evolutionary characteristics. In time, digital inclusive finance shows an overall upward trend, and the growth rate of carbon emission efficiency fluctuates; in space, the eastern part of the city leads in digital inclusive finance, and the carbon emission efficiency is higher along the coast, and there is a significant spatial dependence between the two. Digital inclusive finance has a multi-dimensional positive impact on carbon emission efficiency, which not only directly improves local efficiency, but also has a positive spatial spillover effect on neighboring cities. In addition, there is significant heterogeneity in the impact of digital inclusive finance on carbon emissions, with different performances in terms of region, industrial modernization level and type of urban resource dependence. Further mechanism analysis shows that digital inclusive finance enhances carbon emission efficiency through digital infrastructure, green technology innovation and financial resource allocation.
Based on the conclusions of the study, the recommendations are as follows: (1) Strengthen the regional synergistic development of digital inclusive finance and carbon emission efficiency, promote the export of digital inclusive finance development experience and technology from the eastern region to the central and western regions, and promote the balanced development of digital inclusive finance among regions to jointly enhance carbon emission efficiency. (2) Strengthen the spatial linkage between digital inclusive finance and carbon emission efficiency, formulate regional synergistic policies, and promote positive interactions between digital inclusive finance and carbon emission efficiency among regions. (3) Give full play to the positive multi-dimensional impact of digital inclusive finance on carbon emission efficiency, continue to expand the breadth of coverage, deepen the depth of use, optimize resource allocation and enhance the level of application of financial services, and further unleash the potential of digital inclusive finance in enhancing the carbon emission efficiency of local and neighboring cities. (4) Implementing differentiated policies, guided by regional differences and urban resource endowments, and applying precise measures to give full play to the positive effects of digital inclusive finance. (5) Synergize efforts through three key channels: digital infrastructure, green technology innovation and financial resource allocation, so as to effectively strengthen the effect of digital inclusive finance on the improvement of carbon emission efficiency.