金融学院知识库

摘要

在全面推进乡村振兴战略背景下，乡村产业振兴成为激活农业农村发展动能的核心路径，农村信用体系建设作为破解传统金融供给与乡村产业升级需求间的结构性矛盾的重要基础，对乡村产业振兴发挥重要作用。农村信用体系的建设开端于1999年中国人民银行发布的《农村信用社农户小额信用贷款管理暂行办法》，之后农村信用体系建设年年有规划，多次在中央一号文件中被强调，如2025年中央一号文件《中共中央国务院关于进一步深化农村改革扎实推进乡村全面振兴的意见》中提出要深入推进农村信用体系建设，加强涉农信用信息归集共享。完善的农村信用体系能够有效归集和共享涉农信用信息，提高信贷投放的精准度和效率，为乡村产业振兴提供充足的资金支持。农村信用体系与乡村产业振兴相互促进，乡村产业的发展壮大能够增加农民收入，提升其信用资质，反过来推动农村信用体系的完善和优化，形成良性循环。

本文立足于以上背景，经过全面归纳梳理国内外学者在相关方面的研究理论，深入探究了农村信用体系与乡村产业振兴之间的影响。首先，分别分析了农村信用体系、乡村产业振兴的发展现状及二者之间的影响机理；其次，选取2010年至2022年西部地区11个省的相关数据，利用熵值法测算出各省的农村信用体系发展水平和乡村产业振兴指数分析二者之间的影响关系。结果表明：一、农村信用体系发展能够显著促进乡村产业振兴，该结论在稳健性检验和内生性检验之后均成立；二、技术市场发展水平的引入能够有效推动农村信用体系发展助力乡村产业升级和创新发展，为乡村产业振兴提供有力支撑；三、研发创新水平对农村信用体系发展促进乡村产业振兴具有正向调节效应；四、异质性分析揭示了显著的地区异质性西南和西北地区的信用体系显著促进产业振兴，而自治区呈现抑制作用。依托于实证研究所得的结论并结合乡村振兴背景给出针对性的对策：一是优化农村信用体系结构，提升乡村产业支持效能；二是强化信用赋能技术创新，破解瓶颈助力产业振兴；三是强化信用支撑与创新协同，推动乡村产业深度融合发展；四是优化区域差异化政策设计，深化乡村产业金融支持与信贷发展。

Abstract

In the context of comprehensively promoting the strategy of rural revitalization, the revitalization of rural industries has become the core path to activate the momentum of agricultural and rural development, and the construction of rural credit system plays an important role in the revitalization of rural industries as an important foundation for solving the structural contradiction between traditional financial supply and the demand for rural industrial upgrading. The construction of the rural credit system began in 1999 when the People's Bank of China issued the "Interim Measures for the Administration of Small Credit Loans for Rural Credit Cooperatives", and since then, the construction of the rural credit system has been planned every year, and has been emphasized many times in the No. 1 document of the Central Committee, such as the "Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Further Deepening Rural Reform and Solidly Promoting the Comprehensive Revitalization of the Countryside" in 2025, which proposes to further promote the construction of the rural credit system and strengthen the collection and sharing of agriculture-related credit information. A sound rural credit system can effectively collect and share agriculture-related credit information, improve the accuracy and efficiency of credit delivery, and provide sufficient financial support for the revitalization of rural industries. The development and growth of rural industries can increase farmers' incomes, improve their credit qualifications, and in turn promote the improvement and optimization of the rural credit system, forming a virtuous circle.

Based on the above background, this paper comprehensively summarizes and sorts out the research theories of domestic and foreign scholars in related aspects, and deeply explores the impact between the rural credit system and the revitalization of rural industries. Firstly, the development status of rural credit system and rural industry revitalization and the influencing mechanism between them were analyzed. Secondly, the relevant data of 11 provinces in the western region from 2010 to 2022 were selected, and the entropy method was used to calculate the development level of the rural credit system and the rural industry revitalization index of each province, and the influence relationship between the two was analyzed. The results show that: 1. The development of rural credit system can significantly promote the revitalization of rural industries, and this conclusion is valid after the robustness test and the endogeneity test. Second, the introduction of the development level of the technology market can effectively promote the development of the rural credit system, help the upgrading and innovative development of rural industries, and provide strong support for the revitalization of rural industries; 3. The level of R&D and innovation has a positive moderating effect on the development of the rural credit system and the revitalization of rural industries; Fourth, the heterogeneity analysis reveals significant regional heterogeneity: the credit system in the southwest and northwest regions significantly promotes industrial revitalization, while the autonomous regions show a restraining effect. Based on the conclusions obtained from the empirical research and combined with the background of rural revitalization, targeted countermeasures are given: first, optimize the structure of rural credit system and improve the support efficiency of rural industries; the second is to strengthen credit empowerment technology innovation, break bottlenecks and help industrial revitalization; the third is to strengthen credit support and innovation synergy, and promote the deep integration and development of rural industries; Fourth, optimize the design of regional differentiated policies, and deepen the financial support and credit development of rural industries.