统计与数据科学学院知识库

  新质生产力为完善市场机制、优化市场干预注入了新的动能，有利于优化资源配置效率，赋能高质量发展。新质生产力是我国高质量发展阶段实现经济增长模式由“粗放式”向“集约式”转变的理论解答。资源配置效率作为影响高质量发展的关键，新质生产力在赋能高质量发展的过程中必然深刻影响着资源分配模式及市场机制。

  文章从“市场有效”的维度揭示新质生产力如何作用于资源配置效率，为阐释新质生产力形成与全国统一大市场建设的互动互促关系、推动高质量发展提供经验证据。基于2012—2022年全国247个城市的平衡面板数据，考察新质生产力对资源配置效率的影响效应及作用机制，研究结果表明：第一，新质生产力的发展能够降低行业内企业全要素生产率的离散度，对资源配置效率产生积极影响，在经过内生性检验和稳健性检验之后，该结论仍然成立。第二，基于现阶段我国产品市场一体化发展较为成熟的事实，产品市场一体化为新质生产力的孕育提供了良好的制度环境，强化了新质生产力对资源配置效率的积极作用。第三，我国要素市场分割严峻且要素自由流动受限，新质生产力的职能体现在推动了劳动力、资本和技术等要素的自由流动，即新质生产力提升劳动力、资本和技术要素流动强度是提升资源配置效率的渠道机制。第四，新质生产力对资源配置效率的影响效应因城市行政级别、地理区位以及对外开放水平的不同而存在差异，且新质生产力对资源配置效率的优化效应呈现边际递减的非线性特征。

  基于本文的研究结论，提供如下政策建议：第一，深刻把握新质生产力优化资源配置效率的积极趋势特征，健全市场退出机制以加快“僵尸企业”出清。第二，顺应生产力与生产关系的辩证运动规律，以协调思维谋划新质生产力发展与全国统一大市场建设。第三，从区域协调的维度看待新质生产力的非均衡赋能效应，实事求是、因地制宜的发展新质生产力。

    New quality productive forces has injected new momentum into the improvement of market mechanisms and market interventions, which is conducive to optimizing the efficiency of resource allocation and enabling high-quality development. New quality productive forces is the theoretical solution for realizing the transformation of the economic growth model from "extensive" to "intensive" in the stage of high-quality development in China. Resource allocation efficiency is the key to high-quality development, and new quality productive forces will inevitably have a profound impact on the resource allocation model and market mechanism in the process of enabling high-quality development.

    This paper reveals how new quality productive forces play a role in the efficiency of resource allocation from the dimension of "market efficiency", and provides empirical evidence for explaining the interaction and mutual promotion relationship between the formation of new quality productive forces and the construction of a unified national market, and promoting high-quality development. Based on the balance panel data of 247 cities in China from 2012 to 2022, this paper investigates the impact and mechanism of new quality productive forces on resource allocation efficiency, and the results show that: first, the development of new quality productive forces can reduce the dispersion of total factor productivity of enterprises in the industry and have a positive impact on resource allocation efficiency. After the endogeneity test and the robustness test, this conclusion still holds. Second, based on the fact that the integration of China's product market is relatively mature at this stage, the integration of product market provides a good institutional environment for the cultivation of new quality productive forces, and strengthens the positive role of new quality productive forces on resource allocation efficiency. Thirdly, the market segmentation of factors in China is severe and the free flow of factors is restricted, and the function of new quality productive forces is reflected in promoting the free flow of labor, capital and technology, that is, strengthening the flow intensity of labor, capital and technology factors is a channel mechanism to improve the efficiency of resource allocation. Fourthly, the impact of new quality productive forces on resource allocation efficiency varies according to the level of urban administration, geographical location and level of opening to the outside world, and the optimization of new quality productive forces on resource allocation efficiency shows a nonlinear characteristics of marginal decline.

    Based on the research conclusions of this paper, the following policy suggestions are provided: first, it is necessary to profoundly grasp the positive trend characteristics of optimizing the efficiency of resource allocation of new quality productive forces, and improve the market exit mechanism to speed up the liquidation of "zombie enterprises".; Second, it is necessary to conform to the law of dialectical movement between productive forces and production relations, and plan the development of new quality productive forces and the construction of a unified national market with coordinated thinking; Third, we should look at the unbalanced empowerment effect of new quality productive forces from the dimension of regional coordination, and develop new quality productive forces in a realistic and local way.